mclaurin v oklahoma summary

339 U. S. 638-642. The judgment is reversed. In apparent conformity with the amendment, his admission was made subject to 'such rules and regulations as to segregation as the President of the University shall consider to afford Mr. G. W. McLaurin substantially equal educational opportunities as are afforded to other persons seeking the same education in the Graduate College,' a condition which does not appear to have been withdrawn. This we think irrelevant. Subscribe Now. For the first time, the U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged that the fabric of American society was changing. At school, he was made to sit at separate tables in his classes, the library, and the cafeteria. Following this decision, the Oklahoma legislature amended these statutes to permit the admission of Negroes to institutions of higher learning attended by white students, in cases where such institutions offered courses not available in the Negro schools. It may be argued that appellant will be in no better position when these restrictions are removed, for he may still be set apart by his fellow students. Their own education and development will necessarily suffer to the extent that his training is unequal to that of his classmates. Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. But they signify that the State, in administering the facilities it affords for professional and graduate study, sets McLaurin apart from the other students. APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA. Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. Sweatt v. Painter: Summary, Decision & Significance, Feiner v. New York (1951): Case Brief, Significance & Facts, Universal Camera Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board, Dennis v. United States: Summary, Significance & Decision, Stack v. 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In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. The amendment provided, however, that in such cases the program of instruction "shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis." Read More opinion of Vinson In Fred M. Vinson to white persons only ( Shelley v. Kraemer, 1948). Citing our decisions in State of Missouri ex rel. 526 (W. D. Okla. 1949). 526, that the State had a constitutional duty to provide him with the education he sought as soon as it provided that education for applicants of any other group. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), the Court entertained an appeal from the judgment of a three-judge District Court upholding an Oklahoma statute providing that Negroes, though admissible to white graduate schools, must get that education on a segregated basis. For some time, the section of the classroom in which appellant sat was surrounded by a rail on which there was a sign stating, 'Reserved For Colored,' but these have been removed. WebThis case and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. P. 642. Public facilities like bathrooms and water fountains were segregated. Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc. Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York, Will v. Michigan Department of State Police, Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community, Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee. We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Ed., 87 F. Supp. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. The Court held that it was unconstitutional under the "equal protection clause" of the Fourteenth Amendment to deny McLaurin an equal education to the one his white peers were receiving. These restrictions were obviously imposed in order to comply, as nearly as could be, with the statutory requirements of Oklahoma. He is now assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for colored students; he is assigned to a table in the library on the main floor; and he is permitted to eat at the same time in the cafeteria as other students, although here again he is assigned to a special table. 87 F. Supp. Pp. However, the facilities and services used by African Americans were not equal to those of white Americans. Both students sued, and the U.S. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer. Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. WebPeriodical U.S. Reports: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). (1950) 455, 456, 457. The Court concluded that the conditions under which appellant were required to receive his education deprived him of his personal and present rights to the equal protection of the laws. - 339 U.S. 637, 70 S. Ct. 851 (1950) Rule: Where conditions exist where a student of color is required to receive his 1149 (1950), the petitioner, who was black, was admitted to the state's formerly white only graduate school, but was compelled to sit in a "colored only" row in the classroom, a "colored only" table in the library and a "colored only" table for meals in the cafeteria. WebMcLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. Where a black student was admitted to a state-supported graduate school, he must receive the same treatment at the hands ofthe state as students of other races. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, https://www.britannica.com/event/McLaurin-v-Oklahoma-State-Regents, BlackPast - McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, Cornell Law School - Legal Information Institute - McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. 1149], it appeared that appellant was admitted as a graduate student at the University of Oklahoma, but in the classroom was required to sit in a row specified for colored students; in the library, he was assigned a special table; and in the cafeteria he was required to sit at a table apart from other students. During the time between the students filing of his appeal and the Supreme Courts having conducted oral arguments, university officials modified their treatment of the plaintiff. 528. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13 -14 (1948). Argued April 3-4, 1950. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950) McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. 20072023 Blackpast.org. Pursuant to a requirement of state law, 70 Okla. Stat. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Corrections? In 2001, the Bizzell Memorial Library, the main library at the University of Oklahoma, was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in commemoration of this case. 29hQbwy3Lp Ablack citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree was admitted to the Graduate School of the state-supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. 1149, it was ruled that a state may not after having admitted a Negro student to graduate instruction in its state university afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. Segregated basis is defined as "classroom instruction given in separate classrooms, or at separate times." The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. WebOther articles where Sweatt v. Painter is discussed: Brown v. Board of Education: Decision: the Supreme Courts rulings in Sweatt v. Painter (1950) and McLaurin v. Oklahoma Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. Ann. McLaurin won the right to attend the University of Oklahoma without being segregated in any way from his peers. 87 F. Supp. The Fourteenth Amendment provides equal protection for citizens under the law. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). (1950) McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. Use this button to switch between dark and light mode. McLaurin appealed to the United States Supreme Court on the basis that he was being denied equal protection under the 14th Amendment. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). McLaurin uses the same classroom, library and cafeteria as students of other races; there is no indication that the seats to which he is assigned in these rooms have any disadvantage of location. The judgment below is reversed, p. 642. 1149], the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: " his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession.". his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." Briefs of amici curiae, supporting appellant, were filed by Solicitor General Perlman and Philip Elman for the United States; Paul G. Annes for the American Federation of Teachers; Phineas Indritz for the American Veterans Committee, Inc.; Arthur J. Goldberg for the Congress of Industrial Organizations; Edward J. Ennis and Saburo Kido for the Japanese American Citizens League; and Arthur Garfield Hays and Eugene Nickerson for the American Civil Liberties Union. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, supra, the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: " his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession.". Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. 854] the Supreme Court struck down "restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students," not social commingling or commingling generally. Such reasoning, though common in courts up to that time, was about to lose all legitimacy. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents is a case that was decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that a state cannot treat a student differently on the basis of race. WebBoard of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, 332 U.S. 631; cf. Id. WebThe University of Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to its graduate program in education, but separated him from other students. McLaurin then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: 'Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis.' (1950) Henderson v. United States Et. (1950) 455, 456, 457. Thus he was required to sit apart at a designated desk in an anteroom adjoining the classroom; to sit at a designated desk on the mezzanine floor of the library, but not to use the desks in the regular reading room; and to sit at a designated table and to eat at a different time from the other students in the school cafeteria. Therefore, the Court ruled that higher institutions such as colleges and universities were prohibited from practicing segregation, as it violated equal protection in an educational setting. In a 9-0 decision, The United States Supreme Court ruled for McLaurin and against the State of Oklahoma. That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. Peer interaction is a vital element in obtaining a good education, and McLaurin was being deprived of that right through segregation. Following this decision, the Oklahoma legislature amended these statutes to permit the admission of Negroes to institutions of higher learning attended by white students, in cases where such institutions offered courses not available in the Negro schools. The U.S. Supreme Court heard McLaurin's appeal in April 1950 and in June unanimously reversed the lower court. Their own education and development will necessarily suffer to the extent that his training is unequal to that of his classmates. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 2,513 views Jul 7, 2016 29 Dislike Share Save OU IACH 2.33K subscribers In this lecture, professor Kathryn Schumaker reviews the The Supreme Court also held that officials at the University of Oklahoma had violated the plaintiffs right to equal protection of the laws by denying him an education that was equal to that of his peers. 87 F. Supp. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. WebIn 1948, George McLaurin applied to the University of Oklahoma's master's degree program in education. McLAURINv.OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. Argued April 3-4, 1950. In 1950 a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that McLaurin had not received equal treatment as required by the Constitution. The court denied McLaurin's petition. 0000005810 00000 n We hold that under these circumstances the Fourteenth Amendment precludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. Dist. 1161, 3 A.L.R.2d 441. [2], Oral argument was held between April 3, 1950, and April 4, 1950. 0000001774 00000 n Oklahoma had recently passed laws that made it illegal for black and white students to integrate or for black teachers to teach white students and vice versa. For some time, the section of the classroom in which appellant sat was surrounded by a rail on which there was a sign stating, "Reserved For Colored," but these have been removed. The sign that hung around the students sites in the classroom stating Reserved for Colored was removed, and he was assigned to a table on the main floor of the library; his previous table was on the mezzanine level. Possessing a Master's Degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously (90), on June 5, 1950, that racial segregation within the facilities and institutions of colleges and universities is inconsistent with the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him of the equal protection of the laws. Okla. 1948) U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma - 87 F. Supp. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Kenneth has a JD, practiced law for over 10 years, and has taught criminal justice courses as a full-time instructor. This we think irrelevant. 851, present different aspects of this general question: To what extent does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment limit the power of a state to distinguish between students of different races in professional and graduate education in a state university? WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education , legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously (90), on June 5, 1950, that racial segregation within the facilities and institutions of colleges and universities is inconsistent Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education, Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell, Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. HM0O0wz,['+hQ#H pt}~es9p~(/W3&5YfqL4Q7F:6[QcsWP\~)gLBsDhjB`9L[{kNu2[/(DSm:o_zX?aEEn^)}UXR}2 wF%. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) had made segregation a standard practice in much of the American South. 851, 94 L.Ed. The federal court in Oklahoma City also stated that the purpose of the Constitution was not to abolish the differences between races. (1941) 455, 456, 457, which made it a misdemeanor to maintain or operate, teach or attend a school at which both whites and Negroes are enrolled or taught. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337, 59 S.Ct. 0000001037 00000 n The Voting Rights Act Age 17 The Voting Rights Act prohibits racial discrimination in voting. 87 F.Supp. 1149 McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: "Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis." 528; 1949 U.S. 0000001634 00000 n Chief Justice Fred Vinson, writing for the court, held that the differential treatment given to McLaurin was itself a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause: "Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." We decide only this issue; see Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629, 70 S.Ct. - Discoveries, Timeline & Facts, Presidential Election of 1848: Summary, Candidates & Results, Lord Charles Cornwallis: Facts, Biography & Quotes, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand: Quotes & Biography, Who is Jose de San Martin? But they signify that the State, in administering the facilities it affords for professional and graduate study, sets McLaurin apart from the other students. Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. Robert L. Carter and Amos T. Hall argued the cause for appellant. He may wait in line in the cafeteria and there stand and talk with his fellow students, but while he eats he must remain apart. Different treatment of students in public institutions of higher learning solely on the basis of race violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The amendment provided, however, that in such cases the program of instruction 'shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis. Using sweeping language, the Supreme Court acknowledged that, because American society was changing, discrimination based on race had no place in education. Omissions? Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite. The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. The individual filed a complaint on the grounds that his right to equal protection had been violated by the school's actions. The case McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents began when the University of Oklahoma denied George McLaurin into its graduate program because of his race. In a 5-4 opinion written by Justice Louis Powell, the Court held that the trial court erred when it failed to consider mitigating evidence of Eddings unhappy childhood and emotional disturbance. It further held that to the extent the Oklahoma statutes denied him admission they were unconstitutional and void. The student filed a complaint for injunctive relief, claiming that the statute was unconstitutional because it deprived him of equal protection of the laws. He is now assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for colored students; he is assigned to a table in the library on the main floor; and he is permitted to eat at the same time in the cafeteria as other students, although here again he is assigned to a special table. But at the very least, the state will not be depriving appellant of the opportunity to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own merits. Get free summaries of new US Supreme Court opinions delivered to your inbox! There is a vast difference a Constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students, and the refusal of individuals to commingle where the state presents no such bar. 526 (W.D. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), was a United States Supreme Court case that prohibited racial segregation in state supported graduate or professional education. Held: The conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws; and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race. It is said that the separations imposed by the State in this case are in form merely nominal. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. 455. Heyne v. Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools. Upon suit filed by the applicant, the university tried to set up a separate facility for African-American law students. Marian W. Perry and Franklin H. Williams were also of counsel. 320 lessons. Held: The conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws; and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race. There is a vast differencea Constitutional differencebetween restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students, and the refusal of individuals to commingle where the state presents no such bar. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, (339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. Board of Regents v. New Left Education Project, Hart v. Community School Board of Brooklyn, Berry v. School Dist. Discover the ruling of this important court case of 1950. See Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629, 70 S.Ct. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, supra [ 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. 0000001912 00000 n 851, 94 L.Ed. WebMcLaurin v Oklahoma showed how the "separate but equal" provision can still be manipulated in a way that discriminates against individuals on the basis of race. Such restrictions impaired and inhibited his ability to study, to engage in discussions, exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. Robert L. Carter and Amos T. Hall argued the cause for appellant. However, McLaurin appealed and his case went to the U.S. Supreme Court. In addition, the court ruled that, insofar as the restrictions that officials imposed on the student impaired and inhibited his ability to study and to engage in discussions and debates with other students as well as faculty, this treatment had a detrimental impact on his overall educational experience. 455. All rights reserved. HW1C~NR Copyright to all articles and other content in the online and print versions of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History is held by the Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS). (b) That appellant may still be set apart by his fellow students and may be in no better position when these restrictions are removed is irrelevant, for there is a constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the State which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students and the refusal of students to commingle where the State presents no such bar. We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. This appeal followed. Tech: Matt Latourelle Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. This page was last edited on 18 March 2023, at 15:55. At that time, his application was denied, solely because of his race. In an opinion marked by balance, even caution, a three-judge panel struck down the law, to the extent that it prohibited McLaurin from attending the University of Oklahoma. Since McLauren did not have access to this aspect of his education, he was being denied an equal education to that of his peers. WebMcLaurin v. Okla. State Regents for Higher Educ. Hoping to earn a doctorate in education, he applied for admission to graduate study at Oklahoma's all 0000006506 00000 n Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be upon a segregated basis, however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. His opinion for the court in 1947 upheld the power of the federal courts to enjoin a strike in coal mines then under control of the federal government. The experience needed for a good education could not be accomplished by physically separating McLaurin from his peers, and it disallowed him from working on many types of projects that involved one or more students, as well as participating in a discussion of any kind. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13-14 (1948). That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. of City of Benton Harbor. The following (as per The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition) is the preferred citation for articles:Alfred L. Brophy, McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950), The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=MC034. The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma.[1][2].

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