that conveys tissue fluid and strengthens organs

Elastic cartilage can stretch and recoil to its original shape because of its high content of elastic fibers. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue, the perichondrium, encapsulates the cartilage. Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column. . (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), This is a loose connective tissue that consists of fat cells with little extracellular matrix. The amount and structure of each component correlates with the function of the tissue, from the rigid ground substance in bones supporting the body to the inclusion of specialized cells; for example, a phagocytic cell that engulfs pathogens and also rids tissue of cellular debris. A few distinct cell types and densely packed fibers in a matrix characterize these tissues. This is probably ________. Q. This layer of areolar connective tissue serves as an anchor for the serous membranes to surrounding superficial structures. 31 Transitional Epithelium Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal . Brown adipose tissue is thermogenic, meaning that as it breaks down fats, it releases metabolic heat, rather than producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a key molecule used in metabolism. Dense regular connective tissue fibers are parallel to each other, enhancing tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans. Cytokines recruit other cells of the immune system to infected sites and stimulate their activities. Elastic fiber contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. Bone is the hardest connective tissue. Connective tissue proper includes loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. The soot particle has a charge of 4.51011C4.5 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{C}4.51011C. Start studying BIOLOGY CH2: TISSUE & ORGAN SYSTEM. As with dense regular connective tissue, when elastic fibers running in random directions outnumber collagen fibers, the tissue is a dense irregular elastic connective tissue. One of the main functions of connective tissue is to integrate organs and organ systems in the body. Supportive connective tissuebone and cartilageprovide structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues. The condition causes pain and tenderness in the area around a joint. They originate in the mesodermal germ layer and differentiate from mesenchyme and hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. Blood cells, and the cells of all other connective tissues, come from the same kind of embryonic stem cell. While older adults are at risk for tendinitis because the elasticity of tendon tissue decreases with age, active people of all ages can develop tendinitis. Connective tissue is a heterogeneous tissue with many cell shapes and tissue architecture. Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than does loose connective tissue. Heparin, also released as part of the inflammatory response, acts as an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of blood clots. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. Tug gently at your ear lobes, and notice that the lobes return to their initial shape. Fibroblasts are the most abundant and secrete many protein fibers, adipocytes specialize in fat storage, hematopoietic cells from the bone marrow give rise to all the blood cells, chondrocytes form cartilage, and osteocytes form bone. Lymph drains into blood vessels, delivering molecules to the blood that could not otherwise directly enter the bloodstream. Explain surface tension. By the end of this section, you will be able to: As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The example is from dog tissue. There are two basic types of adipocytes: white and brown. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. What attribute of collagen is the source of its great tensile strength? Nutrients, salts, and waste are dissolved in the liquid matrix and transported through the body. Macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and phagocytic cells are found in connective tissue proper but are actually part of the immune system protecting the body. It provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. Loose connective tissue is found between many organs where it acts both to absorb shock and bind tissues together. Connective tissues separate and cushion organs, protecting them from shifting or traumatic injury. Platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting. As you might expect, a fibrocyte, a less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type in connective tissue proper. The major types of connective tissue are connective tissue proper, supportive tissue, and fluid tissue. These combine to form a proteoglycan with a protein core and polysaccharide branches. Specialized cells in connective tissue defend the body from microorganisms that enter the body. The number and type of adipocytes depends on the tissue and location, and vary among individuals in the population. Polysaccharides and proteins secreted by fibroblasts combine with extra-cellular fluids to produce a viscous ground substance that, with embedded fibrous proteins, forms the extra-cellular matrix. When irritated or damaged, mast cells release histamine, an inflammatory mediator, which causes vasodilation and increased blood flow at a site of injury or infection, along with itching, swelling, and redness you recognize as an allergic response. Embedded within the cartilage matrix are chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, and the space they occupy are called lacunae (singular = lacuna). The histology of transverse tissue from long bone shows a typical arrangement of osteocytes in concentric circles around a central canal. All of the preventive measures aim to increase the strength of the tendon and decrease the stress put on it. connective tissue proper loose connective tissue, adipose. What is the description of connective tissue fibers? Nonetheless, connective tissues have a common structural plan, and we use areolar connective tissue (ah-re 9 o-lar) as our prototype, or model (Figure 4 and Figure 4 . Q. The roots ped and pod mean "foot." The root phob means "fear." The root port means "to carry" or "bring." The macrophage cell is a large cell derived from a monocyte, a type of blood cell, which enters the connective tissue matrix from the blood vessels. store fat and protect organs Reticular connective tissue forms? The external ear contains elastic cartilage. A histologist examines a tissue slide and observes many fibers tightly packed together in a parallel arrangement. These granules contain the chemical signals histamine and heparin. Embedded within the cartilage matrix are chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, and the space they occupy are called lacunae (singular = lacuna). Jan 27, 2022 OpenStax. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site This arrangement gives the tissue greater strength in all directions and less strength in one particular direction. The three broad categories of connective tissue are classified according to the characteristics of their ground substance and the types of fibers found within the matrix ([link]). As you toss the ball high in the air, a burning pain shoots across your wrist and you drop the tennis racket. From top, LM 300, LM 1200, LM 1016. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue covers cartilage. It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. Although repetitive motions are unavoidable in many activities and may lead to tendinitis, precautions can be taken that can lessen the probability of developing tendinitis. Connective Tissue: Tendinitis The three broad categories of connective tissue are classified according to the characteristics of their ground substance and the types of fibers found within the matrix (Table \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Connective tissues perform many functions in the body, but most importantly, they support and connect other tissues; from the connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscle cells, to the tendons that attach muscles to bones, and to the skeleton that supports the positions of the body. are licensed under a, Structural Organization of the Human Body, Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems, Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back, Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax, Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System, Circulation and the Central Nervous System, Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange, Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, Digestive System Processes and Regulation, Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Human Development and the Continuity of Life, Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System, Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System, Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/4-key-terms, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. A radioactive 60Co^{60} \mathrm{Co}60Co nucleus emits a gamma ray of wavelength 0.931012m0.93 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{m}0.931012m. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue covers cartilage. with stands great tensile strength in one direction ( tendons, ligaments) dense . Some cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines vessels and enter adjacent tissues. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. Q. The extracellular matrix contains fluid, proteins, polysaccharide derivatives, and, in the case of bone, mineral crystals. . The ligaments in the vocal folds and between the vertebrae in the vertebral column are elastic. - Relative strength: - Function: wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid. A. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers, B. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers, C. collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers. Adipose. Osteocytes, bone cells like chondrocytes, are located within lacunae. Elastic fibers contain the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. Adipose cells store surplus energy in the form of fat and contribute to the thermal insulation of the body. Two major forms of supportive connective tissue, cartilage and bone, allow the body to maintain its posture and protect internal organs. In dense irregular connective tissue, the direction of fibers is random. Fibersfunction in support; secreted by fibroblasts. Organ capsules (collagenous type) and walls of arteries (elastic type) contain dense irregular connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. Surface Tension, the resistance of the surface to external forces is a result of the attraction of the molecules and the level of hydrogen bonding. The major component of the matrix is a ground substance often crisscrossed by protein fibers. That dull ache in the wrist that you ignored through the summer is now an unbearable pain. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Specialized cells in connective tissue defend the body from microorganisms that enter the body. The main property of elastin is that after being stretched or compressed, it will return to its original shape. Your opponent stands ready as you prepare to hit the serve, but you are confident that you will smash the ball past your opponent. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Q. Location: beneath skin, surrounds organs. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Blood contains formed elements derived from bone marrow. function of simple columnar epithelium with microvilli, in ___________ , the entire secretory cell ruptures, releasing secretions and dead cell fragments (e.g., sebaceous glands), __________ secrete their products by exocytosis (e.g., sweat, pancreas, salivary), connective tissue that conveys tissue fluids and strengthens organs is_______, connective tissue that stores fat and protects organs is ______, connective tissue that attaches muscle and bones is__________. Connective tissue proper includes loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. Lymph contains a liquid matrix and white blood cells.

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