the severity factors are delineated by characteristics

Patients who were male, with advanced age, obesity, a history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, malignancy, coronary heart disease, hypertension, chronic liver disease, COPD, or CKD are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 symptoms. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602. tr] (chemical engineering) A measure of the severeness or intensity of overall reaction conditions in a chemical reaction; for example, the temperature, pressure, or conversion in a catalytic cracker or reformer. User: Can I get a better answer Weegy: Weegy: Y/y^3 = 1/y^2. Affiliation e0250602. In summary, patients with severe conditions had a higher rate of comorbidities and complications than patients with non-severe conditions. The impact of COVID-19 is due to both its rapid spread and its severity, but the determinants of severity have not been fully delineated. Among 185 patients, 122 (66%) needed hospitalization and 30 (16%) died. The full texts of selected articles were then carefully assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. J. Autoimmun. In addition to the above results, we have also found chronic renal disease (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.635.41) was a potential risk factor for severe COVID-19, although a previous analysis had showed that it was not significantly associated with severe conditions [52]. The hepatic insufficiency of COVID-19 patients could be worsened by potentially hepatotoxic drugs such as remdesivir, lopinavir and ritonavir used to treat the disease, causing more severe conditions [80]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.s002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.s003. Donec aliquet. Liu S, Luo H, Wang Y, Cuevas LE, Wang D, Ju S, Yang Y. BMC Infect Dis. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molesti, ongue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Euro Surveill. Besterfield emphasizes in this connection that no single list of . Catastrophic, critical, marginal, and negligible are used to differentiate the severity of a risk. The characteristics of all the included studies are shown in Table 1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.g001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.t001. In summary, patients with COVID-19 who have the following characteristics: male gender, advanced age, a history of smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, malignancy, coronary heart disease, hypertension, COPD, CKD and chronic liver disease, were more likely to develop the severe form of the disease. Therefore, it is essential to prevent the occurrence of the above complications and give prompt first aid treatment when such complications occur. No, Is the Subject Area "Metaanalysis" applicable to this article? I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. Two are the new factors considered for evaluating the severity supported by the insulation windings both in factory and in service. Objective: Identify factors associated with hospitalization and disease severity in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of COVID-19 patients. The project described was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH, under Award Number 5UL1TR001425-03. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with severe COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China: a retrospective multicentre cohort study. No, Is the Subject Area "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" applicable to this article? DirectC. CapitalD. Gross. Employee InjuryC. Materials damageD. Mechanical failure. Funnel plot of (A) sex, (B) smoking history, (C)age, (D) BMI, (E) Chronic kidney disease, (F) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (G) Coronary heart disease, (H) Malignancy, (I) Cerebrovascular disease, (J) Hypertension, (K)Diabetes, (L) Chronic liver disease, (M) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), (N) Shock, (O) Acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe COVID-19 disease for the assessment of publication bias. Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) which, was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, has already swept across the world. Negative feelings may drive misbehavior and go against recovery, so psychological support is considered important. Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first identified in Wuhan in December 2019 became a pandemic within a few months of its discovery. Though our analysis showed there was a potential relationship between malignancy and severe condition, some articles had conflicting outcomes, and a few articles have even suggested that some patients with cancer may have better clinical outcomes since the possible emergence of cytokine storm was dampened because of their compromised immune systems [76, 77]. An official website of the United States government. A. With regard to age, it was evident that elderly people had a higher prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes [65] and complications like shock [66], but the OR was still significant when controlling for the above confounding factors. Remote - 2 Unlikely but possible to occur in the life of an item. While the analyses of asthma (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.814.61; I2 = 79.4%) [26, 28, 35, 38, 45] showed no significant differences between patients with severe and non-severe disease. We identified 15 risk factors in three categories (demographic characteristics, comorbidities, complications) that have impact on the severity of confirmed cases. Limited egress in emergencies B. Therefore, the incidence of COVID-19 was lower but the severity was higher in patients with hypertension. Of these studies, 764 papers were duplicates, 9442 were perceived as unrelated research and 67 articles were in line with exclusion criteria. 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102434. . Abbreviations: Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Which of the following best explains why Mae does not want to sell How was Chinese communism different from European communism? Disclaimer. IL-6 levels were also higher, indicating that the presence of a hyperimmune inflammatory state portends higher morbidity and mortality. Install caution and warning devices. More analyses need to be done in order to provide sufficient information and draw accurate conclusions about the controversial results above. %PDF-1.5 Guild Objective Identify factors associated with hospitalization and disease severity in a racially and ethnically . The Domino theories area based on 3 phases: When conducting a five whys accident analysis the investigator will dig deeper to uncover an accident______. Objective Identify factors associated with hospitalization and disease severity in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of COVID-19 patients. [4][5][6], The FDSF is calculated at transformer terminals and it is mathematically defined as. Other significant outcomes included coronary heart disease (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.223.71; I2 = 59.9%) [1115, 17, 20, 2238, 4145, 47, 4951], malignancy (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 2.003.40; I2 = 11.9%) [11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 2226, 28, 3032, 3438, 41, 43], cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.543.97; I2 = 28.4%) [11, 13, 14, 20, 22, 24, 25, 34, 38, 40, 42, 44, 50, 51], hypertension (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 2.032.88; I2 = 67.9%) [1118, 20, 2251], diabetes (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.982.91; I2 = 55.6%) [1120, 2245, 4751] and chronic liver disease (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.062.17; I2 = 0.0%) [1115, 17, 20, 2226, 28, 3032, 3438, 41, 4344, 47, 50]. User: Mateo did poorly on a test. active and latent. A. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adi, risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Blank refers to the loudness of your voice. 2019 novel coronavirus disease; COVID-19; Cytokine storm; Elevated liver enzymes; Interleukin-6; Lymphocyte subsets; Mortality; Prognosis; SARS-CoV-2. Their mean age was 8.9 years, and their mean COHb level was 14.3% (range, 3.4%-30.1%). The high level of ACE2 receptor expression in adipocytes may turn the adipose tissue into a viral carrier which could spread SARS-CoV-2 to other organs. Funnel plots were used to assess for publication bias and asymmetry was taken to indicate bias. Eosinopenia was a feature of higher levels of severity. Objective We aimed to systematically identify the possible risk factors responsible for severe cases. All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. True OR False The main characteristics of the included studies are . Additionally, prolonged hypertension damages the vascular structure leaving the patients susceptible to serious infections. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. and poor housekeeping can lead to all of the following Severity A Likely B Occasional C Seldom D Unlikely E Catastrophic I EH EH H H M Critical II EH H H M L Marginal III H M M L L Negligible IV M L L L L EHExtremely High Risk HHigh Risk MModerate Risk LLow Risk RISK ASSESSMENT CODE CHART RISK ASSESSMENT CODE EXPLANATION Extremely High Risk Likely catastrophic loss Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing e, , dictum vitae odio. Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about medRxiv. Am. Disclosures: Authors declare no relationship with industry or other relevant entities that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. Install safety devices. endobj Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor, rem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. There are two types of failures that cause human errors, active failures and _____ failures. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Association of elevated inflammatory markers and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Classic severity factors such as victims' and crash characteristics (age, time and place of the crash, antagonist, seatbelt wearing) were assessed for truck and car drivers. Two independent authors (LXY and ZXR) performed the data extraction by using standardized forms, which included date of publication, authors, region, number of included patients, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, comorbidities, complications, and severe or non-severe COVID-19. R. Malewski, J. Douville, L. Lavallee, "Measurement of Switching Transients in 735 kV Substations and Assessment of their Severity for Transformer Insulation," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.3, no.4, pp.1380-1390, Oct. 1988. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. No, Is the Subject Area "Diabetes mellitus" applicable to this article? No, Is the Subject Area "Cancer risk factors" applicable to this article? Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. <>>> In order to quantify the effects of risk factors on COVID-19 patients, we calculated population attributable fraction (PAF) by using the attributable fraction formula: 2020 Jul;81:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.05.012. 15.The OSHA noise standard requires that a hearing conservation program is used to help the employer get the 8 hour TWA noise level below ___ db. A. . This is the best answer based on feedback and ratings. To evaluate the total cost of the accident you must combine both ____ and _____ cost. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Mandy will need to extend her ladder to 60 feet to reach the roof of her house. X. et al. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the potential risk posed by critical medical states in COVID-19 patients. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. All included studies were retrospective cohort studies so, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate quality [9]. 11. 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433. 13. This study has examined the potential risk factors of severe COVID-19 such as demographic characteristics, comorbidities and complications to assist clinicians with allocation of medical resources. The best time to weigh yourself is in the. Ditches C. Accessibility School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China, Affiliation We analyzed the potential associations between clinical characteristics and . Conclusion This study confirms race and ethnicity as predictors of severe COVID-19. 0 The demographic characteristics including sex, age, smoking history and BMI were pooled for meta-analysis and the results are displayed in Fig 2. areas EXCEPT: As for smoking, it suppresses the antiviral mechanisms and alters some cytokine patterns which play a role in the innate mucosal immunity [63]; the viral replication and the severity of COVID-19 would increase to some extent as a result. The impact of COVID-19 is due to both its rapid spread and its severity, but the determinants of severity have not been fully delineated. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 . % Funding: AMs contribution was partly funded by grant P30 ES006096 from the U.S. NIH. A. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.t004, We performed subgroup analyses to identify the possible sources of heterogeneity of some outcomes. I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. 5. NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article. Fig 3 shows the potential association between seven comorbidities and the risk of severe COVID-19 using ORs. hb```M``f`sXXYD:KRrG`GcGD8 One study shows that smoking can also enhance the expression of ACE2 [64] and this would raise the susceptibility. For instance, the X chromosome in the female has encoded some immune regulatory genes which caused lower viral load levels. No reuse allowed without permission. In our analysis, the top risk factor was hypertension with the score of 11.3%, indicating that though the OR of hypertension was not relatively high among all the factors, it did play a more important role than we had thought. injuries. acute kidney injury; ARDS, The major components include: representativeness of the exposed cohort, selection of the non- exposed cohort, ascertainment of exposure, demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study, comparability, assessment of outcome, follow-up time and adequacy of follow up of cohorts. To minimize bias, two authors (LXY and ZXR) independently screened titles and abstracts and extracted potentially eligible articles. confidence interval. from the house. The definition of severe disease was based on clinical symptoms, i.e., patients having severe dyspnea, extremely low oxygen saturation, respiratory distress or requiring mechanical ventilation, ICU admission or death. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Results show that CKD had the highest OR value at 2.97 (95% CI: 1.635.41; I2 = 68.4%) [1113, 17, 20, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 4143, 45, 47, 51], followed by COPD with the OR of 2.88 (95% CI: 1.894.38; I2 = 52.6%) [1115, 17, 20, 23, 2530, 32, 34, 3638, 41, 43, 45, 48, 49, 51]. MeSH Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Asano, R., Rocha, A., Bastos, G. M., Electrical Transient Interaction Between Transformers and the Power System, CIGR A2-D1 Colloquium, Brugge, Belgium, October 2007. When conducting a five whys accident analysis the investigator will dig deeper to uncover an accident ____________. Included studies were published between December 2019 and February 2021. Zeng Z, Yu H, Chen H, Qi W, Chen L, Chen G, Yan W, Chen T, Ning Q, Han M, Wu D. Crit Care.

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