social issues in south asia

People and Society - South & Central Asia | World101 -- Volume 29, Number 3, November 2014, Editorial Board Central Asian Society Drifts From Soviet Past, National Cultures Put on Display at Central Asian World Nomad Games, Central Asian Migration to Russia Brings Money, Social Problems. 0000001688 00000 n The main exception to this pattern is Afghanistan, where violence and full-scale civil war continue. To this end, the report offers two recommendations. Governments have established greater control of previously contested territories, deployed new technologies of surveillance, and, in some cases, fused party rule with state coercive power. WebSouth Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms. -- Volume 23, Number 2, October 2008, Editorial Board -- Volume 27, Number 2, October 2012, Editorial Board Consequently, many young South Asians keep their relationships hidden due to internalized shame and a fear of being rejected by their families. Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, Inflation in South Asia, caused by elevated global food and energy prices and trade restrictions that worsened food insecurity in the region, is expected to rise to 9.2 percent this year, Office of the Chief Economist, South Asia. Islamist cells have launched dramatic terror attacks but, especially since 2016, these were met with intense repression and have decreased in frequency. With this knowledge, they can identify some of the early signs of mental health issues. Various countries of the South Asian region suffer from intense forms of exclusion in social terms and gaps at the infrastructural level. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. Such massive populations present economic opportunities for South Asian countries but also leave the regionone already prone to floods and heat wavesmore vulnerable to climate change and the spread of disease. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that a fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, and as a result, lower psychological problems. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, and mainstream political systems in these areas requiring heavy force deployments to be sustainable. Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. India has also improved cooperation with the military in Myanmar, aiming to limit cross-border movements. Despite this heterogeneity, several possible sources of recurring insurgency can be identified, even in an era of increased state power. Top Left: Sri Lankan Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike (1960), Top Right: Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto (1988), Bottom Left: Nepalese President Bidhya Devi Bhandari (2016), Bottom Right: Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1971), Source: (Clockwise starting from top left) Keystone/Getty Images, Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images, AFP/GettyImages, Eric Piper/Getty Images. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. Meanwhile, Bangladeshanother neighboraccommodates a population over half the size of the United States in an area the size of Iowa. These gender inequalities continue into adulthood. Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. -- Volume 33, Number S, 2018, Editorial Board <<74F53B64ECF66F4D8721F1E5DB6020AC>]>> And religious minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh often face severe persecution and receive almost no government protections. xb```lw@ (q.67g!gF..g\Q8gr=e`N:fd,qH'aT!#-WB9N Note: (e)=estimate, (f)=forecast. While there is a heavy security force presence in the region, there has also been space for long-running ceasefires and negotiations that reduce violence even when they do not fully resolve contested political issues. I also started @Braincoach, an Instagram stream to share my science-based knowledge. There has been a dramatic transformation of Pakistans security environment since the height of the TTPs power. Climate change in South Asia The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. The Communist Party of NepalMaoist (CPN-M) launched a revolutionary insurgency in 1996, seeking to overthrow the government and create a communist state in Nepal. India is so large and diverse that it seems to be more a continent than a country. Check your email for details on your request. 0000003857 00000 n High-quality, standards-aligned classroom resources, lesson plans, teaching inspiration, and professional development opportunitiesall inspired by our mission that Global Civics is essential for twenty-first century citizenship. HMk1+tLDiB;;lbCKrVb5;zL3W=~,PA+h~={|7bem]}274(gHR/f5>0DT|[iJ)%EkllWF4o6#2mKTk5Wu#kN8I*bP"P3/@G (cP This article focuses on the core states of the Indian subcontinent. High Population Density Makes Region Vulnerable to Climate, Health Challenges, Projected Populations for India and China. In India and Sri Lanka, mob violence and vigilantism have occurred with the connivance or tacit neglect of leading political parties. Its home to 1.3 billion people and has twenty-two official regional languages. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. Following seven decades of Soviet rule, these newly independent countries are reasserting their distinct national identities through events such as the World Nomad Games, where traditional sports like horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, and high-speed yurt-building are on full display. get ideas into movement. WebPeople and Society South Asia is densely populated and immensely diverse. It is in Kashmir where the Modi government has most dramatically shifted policy by revoking the autonomy of and bifurcating the state of Jammu and Kashmir, accompanied by a massive crackdown on movement, communication, and political activity. 0000003635 00000 n Both separatist and revolutionary insurgencies presented serious challenges in India; Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), also known as the Pakistani Taliban, rose with frightening speed to challenge a long-complacent Pakistani security establishment; Maoist insurgents mobilized against the Nepali government; the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE; Tamil Tigers) carved out a de facto state in northern Sri Lanka; and some predicted a rising violent Islamist tide in Bangladesh. The combined effects of COVID-19 and the record-high commodity prices due to the war in Ukraine took a heavier toll on Sri Lanka, exacerbating its debt woes and depleting foreign reserves. This paper contributes to the debate on the Sustainable Development Goals progress by evaluating the MDGs achievements in South Asia and the policy and institutional challenges deriving from such experience. In 2019, a group of South Asian Americans petitioned the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to cancel a planned award for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In Pakistan, substantial violence in the southern port city of Karachi was joined by a resurgent insurgency in the southwestern province of Balochistan and an extremely bloody rebellion led by the Pakistani Taliban. India eradicated polio in 2014 after a campaign that vaccinated millions of children. endstream endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj [/ICCBased 84 0 R] endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream The peak of this conflicts violence, in 2010, was reached much later than in J&K and the Northeast but has since seen a drop to a consistent but lower level in recent years. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA. South Asia As in the mountainous peripheries where the state waged counterinsurgency against the TTP, due process and rule of law have been troubled in the Karachi operations. )Ug}wz/vn_/7E|?|^P_PAy_ }D` ,Ut /xL\z5CBDDiUy YkxS,A)('OR @$#S@cvs / *%C!% Here are seven challenges the bloc faces in promoting sustainable economic growth, and suggested steps to solve them. Pakistan is reported at factor cost. South Asian Americans MHA expenditures rose an average of 15 percent annually from 20112012 to 20202021, with expenditures for police specifically rising 12 percent annually on average. The third is a sprawling belt in central and eastern India where various Maoist insurgent groups (known as Naxalites) have been operating for decades. Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the social movements are increasingly contested with identity politics and agrarian issues. SOJOURN is published twice a year, in April and October. Although reports of some degree of sanctuary in China and possible tacit support for rebels have grown in recent years, there has not been a return to the levels of the past. ,MFYir`hJS(;e+\ /e*A:nXsv)GG`P`.AH &# #10 bE2?``8 cN#CA.&MeZ$i {``P,34@ 0} Terrorist attacks hit Bangladesh, including assassinations and coordinated bombings linked to the Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami Bangladesh and other factions. Kazakhstan used the inaugural games to showcase its national heritage and historic connection to the land just one week after Russian President Vladimir Putin insinuated that the former Soviet Republic should never have become an independent country. %%EOF Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Indias first prime minister, served as prime minister for almost sixteen nonconsecutive years and was a powerful force in Indian politics for decades. 2715 North Charles StreetBaltimore, Maryland, USA 21218. -- Volume 33, Number 1, March 2018, Editorial Board India and the international community have put sustained pressure on Pakistan to reduce its support for militants and terrorists. During monsoon season, Dhaka and Mumbais streets flood regularly due to clogged drains and the cities low elevation. Another Muslim-majority country, Bangladesh, has had two womenSheikh Hasina, daughter of the countrys first president, and her political opponent Khaleda Zia, wife of another presidentalternate in the prime ministership for most of the last three decades. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Job Discrimination Since the end of the Korean War, the Korean economy WebGet Access SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. Unprecedented Shocks Rattle South Asia, Exacerbating High commodity prices also worsened Pakistans external imbalances, bringing down its reserves. 4 These three sources are the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (https://acleddata.com/), the Pak Institute for Peace Studies series of Pakistan Security Reports (https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa), and the SATP (see above). Other film industries include Tollywood for Telugu-language films and Sandalwood for Kannada-language films. Some may still follow through with their desires in secrecy, but live in a constant fear of being found out. In the Global South there is a huge research gap in linking the social movements and power dynamics within the societies. 0000005744 00000 n But all three have arrived in rapid succession over the past two years and are testing South Asias economies, said Martin Raiser, World Bank Vice President for South Asia. South Asias migrant workers, many of whom are employed in the informal sector, were disproportionately affected when restrictions to movement were imposed during COVID-19. As a result, millions of people from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan looking for work traveled north to Russia, where wages were higher, jobs were plentiful, and the language was familiar. It is seen that modernization, democratization, political ideologies and emergence of mass societies threatened the personal and collective identities and the advancement in information systems have sustained peoples struggles against the dominant world view of the State and elites. This is a hugely important shift. You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers. 1 On the edges of South Asia, Myanmar sees a broadly similar patternthough important insurgencies continue, a patchwork project of ceasefires combined with ongoing state repression has forged a degree of ugly stability in areas of enduring conflict. The security establishment, which had a tumultuous relationship with the MQM for decades, launched a crackdown in 2013 that has badly degraded the party, opening space for electoral competitors and reducing electoral violence. 0000002957 00000 n -- Volume 23, Number 1, April 2008, Editorial Board One way to do this is to ask mental health experts to host community workshops specifically for South Asian communities. Population Problems of South Asia Nature-Society relations provide the foundation for social, economic, political, and environmental problems. In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. -- Volume 25, Number 1, April 2010, Editorial Board Top 4 issues for South Asias millennials - World 0000006899 00000 n These approaches to therapy are difficult to translate across language and cultures without appropriate modification. -- Volume 35, Number 1, March 2020, Editorial Board =rJub^#ivFackYh}QY?M With over two hundred million people, neighboring Pakistan is the sixth-most populous country in the world. What are the main social problems in South Asia? In Sri Lanka, the period of victory over the LTTE and its aftermath saw autocratization under the rule of the Rajapaksa family, a trend that changed when a new government came to power in 2015. Asians are less likely than Americans overall to live in poverty (10% vs. 13% as of 2019). The LTTE was finally defeated, at a huge civilian cost, in 2009. South Asian countries have poor health care systems. Afghanistan has only 2.8 physicians per 10,000 people, Bhutan 3.8, Bangladesh 5.3, and Nepal 6.5, a 10th of the number in more advanced countries. Even India, which has one of the strongest health systems in the region, has only 7.8 physicians per 10,000 people ( Rasul, 2020 ). The group has since splintered, with cadres retreating into Afghanistan, abandoning the fight, or lying low. The three big issues facing East Asia | World Economic Forum 0000043115 00000 n Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka became the worlds first female prime minister in 1960; her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, also became both prime minister and president. Riots between Hindu and Muslim groups in India killed over a thousand people in 2002. Immigrants from Mexico (7%) and Central America (11%) were the least likely to have a bachelors or higher. -- Volume 29, Number 1, March 2014, Editorial Board Finally, an insurgency grinds on in Balochistan, where a welter of Baloch rebels fights in an area of growing strategic and resource importance, including a Chinese presence linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW In India, protests against a brutal gang rape in Delhi in 2012 rocked the country and launched a movement centered on womens rights, resulting in new laws to prosecute perpetrators of sexual violence. The gap between promise and reality is widest in this region. 1. Breakdown or factionalization within the regime could trigger intense instability. endstream endobj 80 0 obj <>stream Most anti-state revolts across the subcontinent have been crushed, demobilized, or contained. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam insurgency in Sri Lanka has also decisively ended, though in far bloodier fashion. The U.S. foreign-born population reached a record 44.8 million in 2018. Bangladesh brought down cases of cholera and diarrheal disease by 95 percent between 2003 and 2013 by promoting good hygiene through handwashing public awareness campaigns and the construction of millions of toilets and latrines. wL/O0jG&rR>w y]YO_W! ;Kw6A?KFkdfA&A67iug!~W\?mnbydk1KS1YQzsL0]|m First, there has been a sizable internal security buildup in India over the last two decades. This has not been a seamless process, and there have been various forms of political violence and conflict since the end of the civil war, but the war has nevertheless decisively ended. These changes are neither universal nor irreversible: important conflicts persist and continue to exact a severe human cost. Removing restrictions to labor mobility is vital to the regions resilience and its long-term development.. The World Unpacked is a monthly foreign policy podcast that breaks down the hottest global issues of today with experts, journalists, and policymakers who can explain what is happening, why it matters, and where we go from here. Produced by Johns Hopkins University Press in collaboration with The Sheridan Libraries. -- Volume 36, Number 3, November 2021, Editorial Board 0000000896 00000 n WebThis paper attempts to explain the social and political issues confronting South Asia today. To the north, Central Asia is far less populous but has its own challenges and opportunities. (For context, Iowa has just over three million people.) -- Volume 30, Number 2, July 2015, Editorial Board Many studies have shown that South Asian immigrants in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom experience high rates of mental health disorders, sometimes higher than their peers. South Asia: supporting gender equality and social The governments of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanthe three richest and most populous countries in the regionwill also transition their languages away from the Russian Cyrillic script to Englishs Latin alphabet by 2025. Rapid urbanization has also led to high levels of air pollutionthe region is home to eighteen of the worlds twenty most polluted cities. Get the latest news from World101, including teaching resources and special offers. key challenges for the future of The second is in Indias Northeast, the site of numerous revolts since the 1950s. A silent mental health crisis exists among South Asian communities. WebISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA engagement between the two, barring perhaps a few minor border skirmishes in selected areas. Some years are missing because specific data on sanctioned force size was not included in the annual reports for those years. PhD Candidate - Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Windsor. Click to reveal in South Asia In operational term, the paper fleshes out the key analytical question as How have the social movements been subject to power and contestation in the south Asia?, State of Social Movements in South Asia: Critical Reflections and Implications, An annual anthology on global power and resistance. Can South Asia End Poverty in a Generation? More - United

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