the norm of reciprocity quizlet
How far from the end of the timeline does writing human history begin? more direct, precise, clear, and dependent on the verbal code for message transmission. groups characterized by intimate face to face interaction We use the word communicate when a receiver has interpreted a message as having some meaning, the word takes place of something else -- the word represents an abstraction that may not be seen by the receiver, a natural representation of an event or act. Did Target have any preferred stock at January 30, 2016? large, formal organizations with elaborate status networks. The _____predicts that, when people are kind to us, we will return their kindness. referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world. reject-then-retreat technique Extending the length of time between requests an influence process generated when act of leading (influencing) are combined with acts of following (deferring) as individuals work together to attain mutual goals, exerted by persons appointed or elected to positions of formal authority in organizations, exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others, occurs when leaders at lower levels influence those at higher levels to create change, means that leadership is constructed and produced in social and relational interactions among people acting in context, involves individuals negotiating identities as leaders and followers, refers to actions people take to assert their identity as a leader or follower, refers to actions people take to bestow an identity of a leader or follower onto another person, the extend to which individuals choose to assume leadership training, roles and responsibilities, our beliefs or understanding about the attributes associated with leaders and leadership, a process through which individuals choose how they will engage with leaders to co-produce leadership and its outcomes - the capacity or willingness to follow a leader, refers to the tendency to attribute organizational outcomes (both good and bad) to the acts and doings of leaders, followers that view their roles in the classic sense following passive, deferential, and obedient to authority, followers that view their role as expressing opinions, taking initiative, and constructively questioning and challenging leaders, defined as the beliefs followers hold about the way they should engage and interact with leaders to meet the needs of the work unit, the extend to which one accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally, reflects the belief that followers should act in ways that are helpful, useful, and productive to leadership outcomes - partner with leaders to achieve goals, preconceived notions about prototypical followership behaviors and characteristics, conformity, insubordination, incompetence, leaders have differentiated relationships with followers - managers have high quality LMX relationships with some subordinates and low quality LMX with others, the suited of manager-subordinate relationship quality, describes how relationships initiate and develop through processes of exchange and reciprocity - helps explain the social dynamics behind relationship building, says that when one party does something for another, that party is indebted to the other until the obligation is repaid, three components of the norm of reciprocity, the extend to which the amount given back is roughly the same as what was received, refers to the time span of reciprocity - how quickly the repayment is made, based on the belief in the intention and ability of the other to repay, refers to our ability to violate norms with others based on whether we have enough "credits" to cover the violation, represents views of leadership not as a property of individuals and their behaviors but as a social phenomenon constructed in interaction, sees leadership as a group phenomenon that is distributed among individuals, occurs hen leadership is divided so that no one person has unilateral power to lead, a dynamic, interactive influence process among team members working to achieve goals. Asch's study with the lines of different lengths. How is liking associated with the Tupperware Corporation's home party concept's success? they are generally task oriented and perform instrumental functions for societies and individuals, in a group is characterized by high levels of interaction and by strong feelings of attachment and mutual dependency, refer to the process through which group members' opinion become more similar over time, a special case of choice shift: exists when pressures to agree are strong enough to stifle critical thinking, is an individuals total set of relationships, refers to the number of direct or indirect ties between one individual and others in a network Also examined videotapes of communicators to According to an evolutionary approach to love, why do women prefer men with resources, whereas men prefer women who are attractive? Did Target pay any cash dividends during the year ending January 30, 2016? What is meant by "reciprocal concessions"? You should also be able to answer the following questions about the research: Works to eliminate prejudice and discrimination by forcing people of different backgrounds to cooperate to achieve a common goal. Harassment. Reciprocity. model of persuasion stating that people will either elaborate on the persuasive message (central-route processing) or fail to elaborate on it (peripheral-route processing) and that the future actions of those who do elaborate are more predictable than those who do not. Milgram's shock experiment and Zimbardo's prisoner and guard experiment. it involves thinking about a person not as an individual but as a member of a group or projecting what (you think) you know about the group onto your expectations about that person. when giving advice than when receiving it Discuss the seminal research conducted by Dennis Regan (1971) entitled "Effects of a Favor and Liking on Compliance". predictability Beginning with an unreasonably large first request the tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions and suggest riskier actions when compared to individuals who have not participated in a group discussion. treating people differently because of prejudice toward the social group to which they belong. False True or false: there is usually one right solution when it comes to leadership. Ps were presented with several descriptions of so levels of attractiveness wouldnt affect one participant more than the other. the name-similar character would report a countries of high touch: socially desirable behavior that benefits others, prosocial behavior that is done with no expectation of reward and may involve the risk of harm to oneself, the effect the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increases, occurring when a person fails to take responsibility for action or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility, 1) noticing activated the expectation that people will return favors and strive to maintain a balance of obligation in social relationships. Both chambers. Persuasion Perhaps." How did the Rand Corporation make use of this unsolicited gift technique? He has been offered three possible 4-year contracts. Similarity in dress. internal standards Actively avoid calculating the level of equitable According to the norm of reciprocity, people expect the level of disclosures in their personal relationships to be relatively equivalent. Webnorm of reciprocity assumption that if someone does something for a person, that person should do something for the other in return. a stereotype can be positive or negative, true or false. 1. They are generally task oriented and perform instrumental functions for societies and people. How does it differ from the DITF technique? This is an example of which sequential persuasion tactic? Guilt-based account: Refusing 1st request leads No, because her behaviors did not cause the prediction to come true. our nonverbal comm skills are part of our heredity, and that they are innate, doesn't focus on genetics or learning behavior but on the types and functions of nonverbal communication Is this an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy? Marcella Burgess deposited S15.000S 15.000S15.000 for two months in a money-market account that pays simple interest. people who take particularly strong pride in their group affiliations are more prone to in-group favoritism when placed in minimal group situation. Desta wants to purchase "The Ultimate Plan" from her cell phone provider. A location analysis for Cook Controls, a small manufacturer of parts for high-technology cable systems, has been narrowed down to four locations. 3. What procedures or conditions undermine the effectiveness of the DITF technique? 4. P agreement with the message position. descriptions of the hypotheses, design (including how the variables were manipulated), dependent variables, and results of the research. includes norms and expectations, usually imposed by society, for the expression of experiences, feelings, and attitudes. How did Cialdini's Zoo study demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique? getting a commitment from a person and then raising the cost of that commitment. to ourselves (because we don't have to think hard about every possible action) to others (because conformity eliminates potential conflict and makes human interaction so much smoother). Also are agents of social control in society. From the example above, The wife did the husband a favor by taking two jobs and provide a A rookie quarterback is negotiating his first NFL contract. Any form of communication that does not include verbal code is ______ and must be _____ when it is used, unless i know both the context and the individual(s) i run the risk of being incorrect in my perceptions, the better you know the context and the individual, the more accurate _____________, how is NVC similar in operation as verbal comm, provides us with the means to control our communication, several factors that our approach to nvc suggest, it implies that we either include or exclude several elements in our study physical or geographical nearness. Use Target Corporation's financial statements to answer the following questions. a group is characterized by high levels of interaction and by strong Factors involved: physical attractiveness, proximity, and similarity. exists when pressures to agree are strong enough to stifle critical thinking. Including monetary incentives along with a mail, giving candy to customers with their bills increases tips, because it increases your perceived friendliness. knowledgeability, and attractiveness Hannah is happy to share everything she has with her close friends. _____refers to the process by which evolution selects genes that cause individuals to provide benefits to their relatives. _____ groups are large, formal, and impersonal. Which compliance-gaining strategy is this? How environment effects communication Be sure to include descriptions of the hypotheses, design (including how the variables were manipulated), dependent variables, and results of the study. P perceptions of communicator friendliness, Example: jury, the tendency for the presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task, the tendency for the presence of other people to have a negative impact on the performance of a difficult task. Hypothesis: Ps who read a scenario containing If so, how much? compliance, Discuss the seminal research conducted by Shelly Chaiken (1979) entitled "Communicator Physical Attractiveness and Persuasion". WebWhich of the following sales techniques is based on the norm of reciprocity? WebThe reciprocity norm forms the basis of human cooperation and is found in every culture. relationships characterized by intimacy, emotional intensity, and sharing. Group size Learn More: ). WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like _______- to give something to someone else and except nothing in return., ______- involves moneyless transactions. 1. its members Example: "C'mon, just help me for five more minutes?". It will cost an extra $20 per month to add her r husband's phone to the plan and an extra$10 per month to have her tablet connected. "Mirror and match" technique attempt to reduce by agreeing to a 2nd request. to ensure that attractiveness was a factor they could've been affected by when hearing the message educational technique in which each individual is given only part of the information needed to solve a problem, causing the separate individuals to be forced to work together to find the solution. she gets nervous and does poorly on the math section, how can a minority opinion influence the majority in spite of the power of conformity, -consistent minority opinion can have a latent effect on the subsequent private judgments of the majority social-responsibility norm. As a social construct, reciprocity means that in response to friendly actions, people are frequently much nicer and much more cooperative than predicted by the self-interest model; conversely, in response to hostile actions they #1 & familiar for #2) Discuss the contemporary research conducted by Tusing & Dillard (2000) entitled "The Psychological Reality of the Door-in-the-Face: It's Helping, not Bargaining." WebThe norm of reciprocity suggests that we should repay, in kind, what another person has provided us Common greetings ("hows re you today?") Lori Cook, the president, has asked each potential site to offer training programs, tax breaks, and other industrial incentives. xy+3zx+5y+2z2x+4y+5z=4=3=8. You are most likely to receive help when there are ____ witnesses, Infants as young as____ prefer others who are helpful rather than hurtful, Which of the following is the best example of altruism, Jim buys gifts for poor children, because he knows it will make them happy, ____ is the idea that city dwellers learn to cope with the sounds that arise from population density by shutting out these sounds, In a research study using the Good Samaritan parable, Darley and Batson study seminary students to see whether their helping behavior was affected by.
the norm of reciprocity quizlet