three negative impacts of commercialisation in sport on spectators

Commercialization in Professional Sports: Understanding Consumers Sporting events, teams and even individual players wear logos on uniforms and appear in television advertising. The study indicates that most fans do not want this privatization development for two reasons: to prevent commercial interests in more than one club and for reasons of traditional and social interest. Formalization and planning of major sport events to attract millions. Most of the articles are based on qualitative research methodology (18 articles). Four papers explicitly touched upon fan loyalty in connection to commercialization. Third, elite sports are regarded as sports performed on the highest athletic level. 23, pp. and von Uechtriz, C. (2020), The key role of sport policies for the popularity of women's sports: a case study on women's soccer in Germany, Sociology of Sport Journal, Vol. We use the term football for European style football (soccer). 1, pp. 32 No. Globalization of sports refers to the process of expansion of the idea of sport across the world and phenomena is how that are associated with it. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What 4 things may commercialisation impact relating to sport?, List 3 positive impacts of commercialisation on society, List 2 negative impacts of commercialisation on society and more. 119-150, doi: 10.1016/S1441-3523(01)70072-1. 3, pp. Yoshida, M., Gordon, B., Nakazawa, M. and Biscaia, R. (2014), Conceptualization and measurement of fan engagement: empirical evidence from a professional sport context, Journal of Sport Management, Vol. Regarding the theoretical frameworks applied, many papers did not use one overarching theoretical framework. 5) Performers, teams and events can be manipulated or exploited to suit the sponsor. For instance, Delia (2017) illustrates, in the context of cycling, that sponsors may be perceived as a crucial and beneficiary element of an elite sport team and to the fan's identification with the teams. 2, pp. Stenling, C. and Fahln, J. Granados, M.L., Hlupic, V., Coakes, E. and Mohamed, S. (2011), Social enterprise and social entrepreneurship research and theory: a bibliometric analysis from 1991 to 2010, Social Enterprise Journal, Vol. (2012), Split loyalties: football is a community business, Soccer and Society, Vol. Several studies share the view that fan resistance develops when commercialization leads to perceived alienation (Duke, 2002; Hewer etal., 2017). * Kennedy, D. (2012), Football stadium relocation and the commodification of football: the case of Everton supporters and their adoption of the language of commerce, Soccer and Society, Vol. Here, commercialization is studied as a process that moves away from, and causes conflicts to traditions and the local connectedness (Duke, 2002). 510-531, doi: 10.1080/02642069.2016.1255730. 402-419, doi: 10.1108/03090569910253251. It is also important to note that fans are not a homogenous group (Wang etal., 2020). Advantages & disadvantages of commercialization in sports Through a structured review of current research, several insights have been presented. 20 Nos 3-4, pp. Fritz etal., 2017). 9 No. Para enviarnos tus inquietudes, ideas o simplemente saber ms acerca de Cuida Tu Dinero, escrbenos. Selling souvenirs connected to the team history, Commercial actors increase their impact on elite sports, Increased influence and coverage of mass-media such as major broadcasters, Broadcasting deals sold for billions of money (e.g. Table6 highlights aspects of commercialization found in the review, as well as the main conclusions reached in the studies on how fans respond to commercialization. Several papers address how resistance to commercialization is manifested among fans. 880-896, doi: 10.1080/14660970.2011.609686. A level PE - commercialisation and the media. 23 No. There are several aspects of commercialization that may impinge on the authenticity of a team and the role of fans. Although commercialization has almost become part of the modern games, but it is crucial to remember it has positive and negative impacts on the sponsor, sports, players and fans. Thanks! 175-181. 20 No. As qualitative studies seem more negative than quantitative, this may also change the view of commercialization as primarily negative for fans. Additionally, Dubal (2010) recognizes the rise of tensions regarding modern football adopting market-based structures. Table2 highlights the methods used in the research to date. (2016) illustrate that as sponsors increase in numbers, it is important for the sponsoring brand to match its brand identity with the team identity. He received his PhD in 2014, where he describes and analyses tourism and event impacts from a sustainable development perspective. The results also imply that most fans, at least in Germany, do not support what is seen as a significant involvement of private actors (Bauers etal., 2019). 5-23. The authors illustrate five dimensions generating emotions among fans in stadiums: customers' density, customers' appearance, customer behaviours, arena ambiance and arena design (Uhrich and Benkenstein, 2012). Giulianotti, 2011). This should be addressed given the rapid increase in commercial influences in women's elite sports (Meier and von Uechtriz, 2020; Mumcu etal., 2016). 43 No. One of the main problems with increased commercialisation from a fan's perspective is the feeling the increased costs are passed on to them. Daniel and Kassimeris, 2013; Torchia, 2016; Totten, 2016). Thus, Table4 is a combination of theoretical frameworks as well as theoretically oriented concepts. Uhrich and Benkenstein (2012) surveyed German football fans and show how fans and their behaviours remain fundamental for evoking fan emotions. 184-197, doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2016.04.006. Here, commercialization is defined as the prioritization of financial revenues among organizations and actors, such as teams, athletes and or sponsors in elite sports service ecosystems (e.g. Students should be taught to justify why the impact . Uhrich, S. (2014), Exploring customer-to-customer value co-creation platforms and practices in team sports, European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 14 No. Jensen etal., 2012; Dos Santos etal., 2016). psychological and behavioural loyalty (Bauer etal., 2008). Bond, A.J., Widdop, P. and Chadwick, S. (2018), Football's emerging market trade network: ego network approach to world systems theory, Managing Sport and Leisure, Vol. Sports teams are businesses like any other and they need to make money to survive. Reddit - Dive into anything However, some research indicates that fans may also perceive commercialization as a positive process. Therefore, future research should apply methods utilizing these platforms, such as social media analytics (Stieglitz etal., 2014), to investigate how fan engagement on social media is affected by commercialization. Sporting events, teams and even individual players wear logos on uniforms and appear in television advertising. Resistance, described as a strategy of appropriation in response to the structures of domination (Woisetschlger etal., 2013, p. 1490), is often a central topic in critical papers (see, e.g. European Sport Management Quarterly, International Journal of Sport and Society, Sport Management Review, Journal of Sport and Tourism, and Sport Marketing Quarterly, Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. Horbel, C., Popp, B., Woratschek, H. and Wilson, B. Horbel etal., 2016; Uhrich, 2014). For example the underperformance of the England soccer team despite the domestic Premier League having the highest wages of any soccer league in the world. Biscaia, R., Correia, A., Rosado, A., Maroco, J. and Ross, S. (2012), The effects of emotions on football spectators' satisfaction and behavioural intentions, European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. * Woisetschlger, D.M., Haselhoff, V.J. 00:0112:45. 377-391, doi: 10.1080/14660970.2012.655507. 2, pp. The geographical areas of the studies provide many different results on how fans are affected by commercialization (Table9). One main site that elicits fan emotions is the arena. 21 No. 3, pp. 21 No. Rohde, M. and Breuer, C. (2017), The market for football club investors: a review of theory and empirical evidence from professional European football, European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. A more recent study outlines three . Advertisements on major events rising in terms of worth (e.g. Merkel, 2012), and the pursuit of teams to engage with more fans (e.g. This yielded eight additional articles. 25, pp. 7 No. 489-499, doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.10.007. 336-355, doi: 10.1177/1469540517744692. and Bennett, G. (2018), Sports fan experience: electronic word-of-mouth in ephemeral social media, Sport Management Review, Vol. 536-554, doi: 10.1080/14660970.2012.677227. 153-173. 2, pp. Additionally, instead of focusing on attitudes towards the team or athlete, Parganas etal. 323-344, doi:10.1080/16184742.2014.926379. To extend the scope of the search, we, based on an overview of related papers found in the preliminary stages of this review and the literature review on the concept of commercialization, included the following terms: Commodification, Marketization, Modernization and Globalization. and Casper, J.M. 3, pp. 48 Nos 7-8, pp. (2003) comprising three main stages: planning, conducting, and reporting. - sponsorship. The field of sports in the 20th-21st century was influenced by the process of globalization. 2, pp. These contexts provide interesting examples where fans might have a greater influence on how commercialization of elite sports should develop. For this review, we used the following eight databases: Academic Search Complete, BusinessSource Premier, Google Scholar, JSTOR, PsycINFO, Scopus, CABI Leisure Tourism and SportDiscuss. Woisetschlger etal., 2013). For instance, Frew and McGillivray (2008) argue, through an observational study of fan parks at the FIFA World Cup 2006, that sponsor-organized environments may transfer the control of creating fan identities from fans to other actors (e.g. 18 No. (2019), Your Neighbors Walk Alone (YNWA): urban regeneration and the predicament of being local fans in the commercialized English football league, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Vol. For instance, fans may witness how their favourite teams cooperate with new sponsors, create new engagement platforms, or raise ticket prices to ensure revenues (Thani and Heenan, 2017). 407-418, doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2018.06.001. 124, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.040. This implies a process that remains strict to the scope, as well as to the relevance of the paper (Tranfield etal., 2003). (2015), 'Rimi Bowl' and the quest for authenticity: fan autonomy and commodification in Norwegian football, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Vol. 6 No. Examining the effect of expansion teams and soccer-specific stadiums on Major League Soccer attendance, 'I was there from the start': the identity-maintenance strategies used by fans to combat the threat of losing, Social change and the commercialization of professional sports, Critical service logic: making sense of value creation and co-creation, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, The effect of associated group identities on team identity, Estimating consumer spending on tickets, merchandise, and food and beverage: a case study of a NHL team, The attractiveness of national and international football leagues: perspectives of fans of star clubs and underdogs, Sport team emotion: conceptualization, scale development and validation, How to use your Olympian: the paradox of athletic authenticity and commercialization in the contemporary Olympic games, The market for football club investors: a review of theory and empirical evidence from professional European football, Sports teams heritage: measurement and application in sponsorship. 5 No. Thereafter, analytical themes for how elite sport commercialization affects fans and how fans respond are presented. 1-21, doi: 10.1080/02614367.2012.667819. 386-410, doi: 10.1177/0193723505280530. Fahln, J. and Stenling, C. (2016), Sport policy in Sweden, International Journal of Sport Policy, Vol. * Giulianotti, R. (2005), Sport spectators and the social consequences of commodification: critical perspectives from Scottish football, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Vol. The review contributes with an analysis of studies and an agenda for future research, focusing on how fans are affected byand respond toincreasing commercialization. (2016), If we build it, will they come? (2011), Foreign fandom and the Liverpool FC: a cyber-mediated romance, Soccer and Society, Vol. A level PE - commercialisation and the media Flashcards In total, 134 articles were retrieved. At this stage of the field's early maturity (42 papers in this review), we do not know for sure. 517-528, doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2015.08.006. Below, we set out a research agenda focusing on methodological, theoretical, conceptual, and empirical development. This yielded 42 additional articles. It can also help young people find a hobby which gets them off the streets and discourages them from crime. The commercialisation of sport which leads to increased exposure, encourages children to get more exercise and reduce obesity. * Frew, M. and McGillivray, D. (2008), Exploring hyper-experiences: performing the fan at Germany 2006, Journal of Sport and Tourism, Vol. The failed attempts by club owners to start a European Super League in football [1] (Panja and Smith, 2021) and the debates of whether to allow sponsorship within College Sports in the USA (Zhang etal., 2005) are two examples when commercialization has been heavily criticized. Frew and McGillivray, 2008; Real and Mechikoff, 1992; Meng etal., 2015), Commercialization shift heavily involved fan identities into becoming more like passive consumer identities (e.g. 19 No. * Totten, M. (2016), Football and community empowerment: how FC Sankt Pauli fans organize to influence, Soccer and Society, Vol.

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