speaking and listening: evaluating a speaker quizlet

Click the card to flip On President Barack Obama's inaugural address, he exalts America ancestors, and forty-four presidents before him. Explain the evaluating stage of listening. Do extra repetition to make up for the lack of nonverbal communication. Since retention and recall are important components of informational listening, good concentration and memory skills are key. Youll want to avoid noise, interruptions, and other external distractions, but its important to minimize your internal distractions as well. The first stage of the listening process is receiving stimuli through auditory and visual channels. In the moment, focus on your breathing and do a grounding exercise if you feel agitated. This style of listening can be very effective when a task needs to be completed under time, budgetary, or other logistical constraints. By becoming aware of what is involved with active listening and where difficulties might lie, you can prepare yourself both as a listener and as a speaker to minimize listening errors with your own public speeches. Before we can engage other steps in the listening process, we must take in stimuli through our senses. It is only after listening for months as infants that we begin to consciously practice our own forms of expression. If appropriate, use a written agenda or in-the-moment whiteboarding to keep yourself and the other person aligned. Critical listening entails listening with the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context. Content-oriented listeners enjoy processing complicated information and are typically viewed as credible because they view an issue from multiple perspectives before making a decision. Clyde Hendrick and Susan S. Hendrick (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000), 37. Compare and contrast the four main listening styles. Before you begin, set an intention by taking a moment to deliberately focus on this person, in this moment, in a conversation that will be about this topic. Read the excerpt from President Woodrow Wilson's speech, "War Message to Congress.". While the exchanges between judge and contestant on these shows is expected to be subjective and critical, critical listening is also important when listening to speakers that have stated or implied objectivity, such as parents, teachers, political leaders, doctors, and religious leaders. Summative feedback is given at the conclusion of a speech. This type of listening may be especially valuable in interpersonal communication involving emotional exchanges, as a person-oriented listener can create a space where people can make themselves vulnerable without fear of being cut off or judged. Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker 4.9 (59 reviews) Flashcards Learn Test Match Take shorthand notes as you listen critically to part of President Barack Obama's inaugural address. Getting integrated: Identify how critical listening might be useful for you in each of the following contexts: academic, professional, personal, and civic. Some people have excellent memories and recall abilities and can tell you a very accurate story from many years earlier during a situation in which they should actually be listening and not showing off their recall abilities. In response, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in an effort to reduce the possibility of similar financial disasters. Eventually you find out that your friends are at a different theater all the way across town where the same movie is playing. Americans have come together. One student might interpret the advice to mean that as long as she gets started, the rest of the assignment will have time to develop itself. The responding stage of listening occurs when a listener provides verbal or nonverbal feedback about the speaker or message. In the understanding stage, we attempt to learn the meaning of the message, which is not always easy. In this section we will learn more about each stage of the listening process, the main types of listening, and the main listening styles. Also reflects on the prosperity and calm that America has lived through these presidents, but it calls attention to the times of crisis in which sometimes the oath was made. 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. For example, a time-oriented supervisor may say the following to an employee who has just entered his office and asked to talk: Sure, I can talk, but I only have about five minutes. These listeners may also exhibit nonverbal cues that indicate time and/or attention shortages, such as looking at a clock, avoiding eye contact, or nonverbally trying to close down an interaction. Example:"I understand." "I see." "Yes, that makes sense." "I agree.". To appeal to his audience, in "War Message to Congress," Wilson mostly relies on. Imhof, M., Who Are We as We Listen? Here we engage in listening to scan and monitor our surroundings in order to isolate particular auditory or visual stimuli. Want to create or adapt books like this? Content-oriented listeners like to listen to complex information and evaluate the content of a message, often from multiple perspectives, before drawing conclusions. In situations where understanding the information we receive isnt important or isnt a goal, this stage may be fairly short or even skipped. Speaking and listening : Evaluating a speaker, Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Julia wants to be sure that she can listen effectively to the speaker at the town hall meeting. Informational listening entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information. Check the three boxes that apply. Bodie, G. D. and William A. Villaume, Aspects of Receiving Information: The Relationships between Listening Preferences, Communication Apprehension, Receiver Apprehension, and Communicator Style, International Journal of Listening 17, no. Small verbal affirmations help you continue the conversation without interrupting the speaker or disrupting their flow. In fact, I might still be able to do that now over a decade later. This is active listening. It has three aspects: Getting good at active listening is a lifetime endeavor. At this stage, we are still only hearing the message. Receiving is the intentional focus on hearing a speakers message, which happens when we filter out other sources so that we can isolate the message and avoid the confusing mixture of incoming stimuli. American ships have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of . Meditation has both immediate and short-term benefits for relaxation and emotional control, regardless of the particular practice. If youre struggling to understand someone, ask questions to clarify. A processing break? Everyone else understood that the meeting place was the west side location, but you wrongly understood it as the east side location and therefore missed out on part of the fun. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. Even the most open-minded listeners will have opinions of a speaker, and those opinions will influence how the message is evaluated. A 2015 study showed that while 78% of accredited undergraduate business schools list presenting as a learning goal, only 11% identified listening.. Asking a trusted colleague to be your nonverbal communication translator may be helpful in situations where accurate listening is important, but confidentiality is not. It is often a good idea to pair a paraphrase with a question to keep a conversation flowing. If you do have a lapse in attention, admit it, apologize, and ask the person to repeat what they said. Time-oriented listeners listen on a schedule, often giving people limits on their availability by saying, for example, I only have about five minutes.. Julia wants to be sure that she can listen effectively to the speaker at the town hall meeting. We use empathetic listening to try to understand or experience what a speaker is feeling. Ask for what you need e.g., for people to face you when talking, or give you written materials in advance. Critical listening is important during persuasive exchanges, but I recommend always employing some degree of critical listening, because you may find yourself in a persuasive interaction that you thought was informative. Models of processes are informative in that they help us visualize specific components, but keep in mind that they do not capture the speed, overlapping nature, or overall complexity of the actual process in action. Its never been more important or more difficult for leaders to be good listeners. In the first and second paragraphs of "War Message to Congress," how does Wilson establish pathos, an appeal based on emotions? Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Studies, Chapter 6: Interpersonal Communication Processes, Chapter 7: Communication in Relationships, Chapter 11: Informative and Persuasive Speaking, Chapter 12: Public Speaking in Various Contexts, Chapter 14: Leadership, Roles, and Problem Solving in Groups, Chapter 15: Media, Technology, and Communication, Chapter 1 Introduction to Communication Studies, Chapter 11 Informative and Persuasive Speaking, http://www.greensborotrc.org/truth_reconciliation.php, Next: 5.2 Barriers to Effective Listening, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. jot down main points and supporting details. When using working memory, we can temporarily store information and process and use it at the same time. Environmental noise such as other people talking, the sounds of traffic, and music interfere with the physiological aspects of hearing. Back-channel cues are generally a form of positive feedback that indicates others are actively listening. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. At the same time, we do not always listen most carefully to the messages of speakers we admire. Have compassion for yourself you cant scream at your own brain like a drill sergeant and whip that raw grey matter into shape. Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker 10 terms Jaimethegiraffe Unit Test Review for English 12 terms jacobjdalton Recent flashcard sets Drivers Permit 14 terms rqknykwf6n the pearl vocab 38 terms student_savanna4 Day 8 23 terms Images Will_Werner83 Chapter 3 : The Nursing Assistant 18 terms hannah_hawkins47 Sets found in the same folder Research finds that 40 percent of people have more than one preferred listening style, and that they choose a style based on the listening situation (Bodie & Villaume, 2003). Most college professors provide detailed instructions and handouts with assignments so students can review them as needed, but many supervisors and managers will expect you to take the initiative to remember or record vital information. 4.5 Listening Critically Learning Objectives Define and explain critical listening and its importance in the public speaking context. Action-oriented listeners can be thought of as builderslike an engineer, a construction site foreperson, or a skilled project manager. Emotional support in the form of empathetic listening and validation during times of conflict can help relational partners manage common stressors of relationships that may otherwise lead a partnership to deteriorate (Milardo & Helms-Erikson, 2000). Time-oriented listeners are also more likely to interrupt others, which may make them seem insensitive to emotional/personal needs. Recall that salience is the degree to which something attracts our attention in a particular context and that we tend to find salient things that are visually or audibly stimulating and things that meet our needs or interests. What techniques do you use or could you use to improve your recall of certain information such as peoples names, key concepts from your classes, or instructions or directions given verbally? Which strategy will help her succeed? Why have downsizing and contingent employment become widespread? Discuss the four main types of listening. How did you know your message had been misunderstood or rejected? Milardo, R. M. and Heather Helms-Erikson, Network Overlap and Third-Party Influence in Close Relationships, in Close Relationships: A Sourcebook, eds. It also allows the student to make a fair number of errors, as long as they're maintaining clear communication that the teacher can follow. In the aftermath of Covid-19, particularly with the shift to remote work and the red-hot job market, its never been more important or more difficult for leaders to be good listeners. Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker, Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker, Estevee- English III First Semester Exam voca, Introduction to Literature of the Civil War,, Abolition and Women's Rights Movements, Part 1, Introduction to Early American Literature, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. Worthington, D. L., Exploring the Relationship between Listening Style Preference and Personality, International Journal of Listening 17, no. We should keep in mind that sometimes others just need to be heard and our feedback isnt actually desired. People with good working memories are able to keep recent information in mind and process it and apply it to other incoming information. That it is necessary to make difficult choices to prepare the nation for a new era. Following a brief overview of each listening style, we will explore some of their applications, strengths, and weaknesses. Listening scholars have noted that empathetic listening is the most difficult type of listening. to engage in negotiation, dialogue, or other exchanges that result in shared understanding of or agreement on an issue. Do you need information in advance? People are more likely to evaluate a message positively if the speaker speaks clearly, presents ideas logically, and gives reasons to support the points made. People-oriented listeners are concerned with others needs and feelings, which may distract from a task or the content of a message. ethos, an appeal based on the speaker's character. - Uses idiomatic language naturally and accurately. Critical listening involves evaluating the credibility, completeness, and worth of a speaker's message. A. Although this is the most basic form of listening, it provides the foundation on which more intentional listening skills are built. I remember earning perfect scores on exams in my anatomy class in college because I was able to memorize and recall, for example, all the organs in the digestive system. Psychological noise like stress and anger interfere primarily with the cognitive processes of listening. For each of these subskills, there is also a range of natural ability, and your life experience may have enhanced or muted this potential. Andrew D. Wolvin and Carolyn Gwynn Coakley (Norwood, NJ: Alex Publishing Corporation, 1993), 1819. As he is taking notes, Miguel should. Improving our listening skills can benefit us in academic, professional, personal, and civic contexts. Critical listening is also important in a democracy that values free speech. But throw in external noise, more visual stimuli, and multiple contextual influences, and we cant remember the name of the person we were just introduced to one minute earlier. A friend and colleague of mine who exhibits some qualities of an action-oriented listener once told me about an encounter she had with a close friend who had a stillborn baby. Heres a cheat sheet with nine helpful tips: If you remember nothing else, remember this simple practice that does so much. If you know a conversation might be upsetting, calm yourself as much as possible before going in. 1. by repeating "we will" Ask for a description of an image or images to test a wide range of skills. 4.1 Listening vs. A placement test should applied before starting any language course in which speaking is a priority. This refers to how well the brain makes sense of the sound cues. Chapter 1: Why Public Speaking Matters Today, Chapter 2: Ethics Matters: Understanding the Ethics of Public Speaking, Chapter 6: Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic, Chapter 8: Supporting Ideas and Building Arguments, Chapter 9: Introductions Matter: How to Begin a Speech Effectively, Chapter 10: Creating the Body of a Speech, Chapter 15: Presentation Aids: Design and Usage, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Use this tool only when you need to check your own comprehension and say, explicitly, Im going to put this in my own words to make sure I understand.. When your professor advises students to get an early start on your speech, he or she probably hopes that you will begin your research right away and move on to developing a thesis statement and outlining the speech as soon as possible. For example, you might say the following to start off a paraphrased response: What I heard you say was or It seems like youre saying You can also ask clarifying questions to get more information. [1] Click the card to flip use a shorthand version of writing Click the card to flip 1 / 10 In other cases, a speaker may be attempting to persuade you to donate to a charity, so if the speaker passes a bucket and you make a donation, you are providing feedback on the speakers effectiveness. Listening is the learned process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages. In general, students with high scores for listening ability have greater academic achievement. Notice in Figure 4.3 Stages of Feedback that stages two, three, and four are represented by the brain because it is the primary tool involved with these stages of the listening process. . As he is taking notes, Miguel should. Explain the responding stage of listening. Listening well is the kind of skill that benefits from not just teaching but coaching ongoing, specialized instruction from someone who knows your personal strengths, weaknesses, and most importantly, habits. Remembering begins with listening; if you cant remember something that was said, you might not have been listening effectively. 4.5 Listening Critically. This is another situation where it can be helpful to have another person taking in the same information, who can fill you in on what you might have missed. Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker 10 terms Jaimethegiraffe Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker 7 terms matt90718 Recent flashcard sets Estevee- English III First Semester Exam voca 35 terms Sydforet 2022 30 terms kyj11047 Heart anatomy terms 9 terms KejiS ER verb conjugation 6 terms poppystewart3 Listening (5th ed.). However, even minor improvements can make a big difference in your listening effectiveness. Help break that stigma. Ask a five-year-old to tell you about their favorite superhero, then practice acting like youre listening. As president of the Student Council for two years now, I think that it is time we try to establish a better system for spending our funds. What does President Obama use to create emotional appeal and build credibility as a fellow American? Display empathy. Consider the questioner, not simply the question. AssignmentTake shorthand notes as you listen critically to part of President Barack Obama's inaugural address. These listeners can be thought of as executives, and they tend to actually verbalize the time constraints under which they are operating. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. Before Cambria entered the arena to watch the speech, she decided to turn her cell phone off. People think about four times faster than other people talk, so youve got spare brainpower when youre a listener. Kayla is taking notes as her classmate speaks about the school's dress code. Through critical listening, we analyze and evaluate messages at various levels. logos, an appeal based on logic and reason. Speaking and Listening: Evaluating a Speaker 10 terms Katie_Shrock Recommended textbook solutions The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric 2nd Edition ISBN: 9780312676506 Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses 661 solutions Technical Writing for Success Give an example of a time when you felt that your message was misunderstood or treated with shallow attention. The test must aim to determine how well the learners are doing in this speaking skills. statistics when trying to understand the health and trajectory of an economy? Some noise interferes primarily with hearing, which is the physical process of receiving stimuli through internal and external components of the ears and eyes, and some interferes with listening, which is the cognitive process of processing the stimuli taken in during hearing. People-oriented listeners are likely skilled empathetic listeners and may find success in supportive fields like counseling, social work, or nursing. Be as specific as you can to put students at ease. Finally, if understanding has been inaccurate, recollection of the message will be inaccurate too. My friend said she immediately went into action mode. Although it was difficult for her to connect with her friend at an emotional/empathetic level, she was able to use her action-oriented approach to help out in other ways as she helped make funeral arrangements, coordinated with other family and friends, and handled the details that accompanied this tragic emotional experience. Or we may look for a particular nonverbal cue to let us know our conversational partner received our message (Hargie, 2011). For example, when we listen to empathize with others, our communication will likely be supportive and open, which will then lead the other person to feel heard and supported and hopefully view the interaction positively (Bodie & Villaume, 2003). As you can see from this example, the action-oriented listening style often contrasts with the people-oriented listening style. Arrive a few minutes early to acclimate yourself if you are having a meeting in a new place. New York, NY: Longman. There are three common problem areas that speakers run into while speaking: using "he" as generic, using "man" to mean all humans, and gender typing jobs. Which strategy will help her succeed? - Any hesitation is content-related rather than to find words or grammar; - Develops topics fully and appropriately. After all, we can move something to our long-term memory by repetition and then later recall it without ever having understood it. The next question should be : Expand and clarify your shorthand notes to summarize the speaker's main points. Make sure the speaker understands you're able to recognize their emotions and share their feelings. A participant in any conversation has two goals: first, to understand what the other person is communicating (both the overt meaning and the emotion behind it) and second, to convey interest, engagement, and caring to the other person. In this example, our coauthor had difficulty receiving the message because of the external noise. For example, you might pose the following paraphrase and question pair: It seems like you believe you were treated unfairly. However, students in your class might misunderstand the instructors meaning in several ways. . Is that right? Or you might ask a standalone question like What did your boss do that made you think he was playing favorites? Make sure to paraphrase and/or ask questions once a persons turn is over, because interrupting can also be interpreted as a sign of not listening. If you often find yourself distracted when trying to listen to someone, control your environment as much as possible. Later, we will learn more specifics about how to encode and decode the verbal and nonverbal cues sent during the responding stage, but we all know from experience some signs that indicate whether a person is paying attention and understanding a message or not. Empathetic listening is the most challenging form of listening and occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling. Listening also has implications for our personal lives and relationships. One danger within the evaluation stage of listening is to focus your evaluative lenses more on the speaker than the message. It is effective because it makes listeners feel unified. Check the two boxes that apply. When recall is our only goal, we excel at it. All this we can do. Why do you think macroeconomists focus on just a few key Its the stage at which you indicate your involvement. What does this mean you must do as a student of public speaking. The truth and reconciliation process seeks to heal relations between opposing sides by uncovering all pertinent facts, distinguishing truth from lies, and allowing for acknowledgement, appropriate public mourning, forgiveness and healingThe focus often is on giving victims, witnesses and even perpetrators a chance to publicly tell their stories without fear of prosecution. If you mistrust a speaker because of an accent, you could be rejecting important or personally enriching information. Moreover, if something distracts your attention even for a moment, you could miss out on information that explains other new concepts you hear when you begin to listen fully again. While the word empathy means to feel into or feel with another person, sympathy means to feel for someone. Kindly say, the Improve Your Skills For Advanced Listening Speaking is universally compatible with any devices to read Oxford English for Academic Purposes Advanced Student Book (C1) - Edward de Chazal 2015-08-13 Oxford English for Academic Purposes offers a specialist course covering listening, speaking and reading in key areas of academic .

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