eeio emission factors

3.3), the Ld and a demand vector derived from Yd are used. The satellite tables contain the resource use and environmental releases mapped to the original Waste Services and Remediation Services sector. The footprint of US consumption or production, measured in GHGs, water, or any of the 20+indicators present in Table3 can be calculated using the model. zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370101 (2021). Changes in GHG intensity were less than 0.5kg CO2e/$ for >95% of sectors. This model was based on the 2007 input-output data with 385 commodities and mixed-year environmental data with the latest representing 2013. v1.1 added additional satellite tables and made methodological updates to some existing tables5,6. USEEIO v2.0, The US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model v2.0, $$A=U{\widehat{x}}^{-1}V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $${B}_{I,y}={E}_{I,z}{\widehat{x}}_{z,y}^{-1}$$, $${x}_{i,y}={x}_{i,a}\ast {\rho }_{i,z- > y}$$, $${\rho }_{i,z- > y}=\frac{p{i}_{i,y}}{p{i}_{i,z}}$$, $${\varPhi }_{c},y=\frac{{q}_{PRO,c,y}}{{q}_{PUR,c,y}}$$, $${q}_{PUR,c,y}={q}_{c}{P}_{c,y}+{t}_{c,y}{P}_{t,y}+{w}_{c,y}{P}_{w,y}+{r}_{c,y}{P}_{r,y}$$, $${P}_{m,y}=\frac{{\sum }_{c\in m}{q}_{c,y}{P}_{c,y}}{{\sum }_{c\in m}{q}_{c,y}}$$, $${y}_{p}={y}_{c}+{y}_{e}+{y}_{m}+{y}_{\delta }$$, $$r{c}_{f},n=\frac{{m}_{f}\circ {c}_{n}^{{\prime} }}{\sum \left({m}_{f}\circ {c}_{n}^{{\prime} }\right)}$$, $$r{c}_{c},n=\frac{{l}_{c}\circ {d}_{n}^{{\prime} }}{\sum ({l}_{c}\circ {d}_{n}^{{\prime} })}$$, $${A}_{d}={U}_{d}{\widehat{x}}^{-1}\ast V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $${E}_{c}={({C}_{m}{E}_{i}^{{\prime} })}^{{\prime} }$$, $${C}_{m}={V}^{{\prime} }{\widehat{x}}^{-1}$$, $${B}_{\chi ,c}={B}_{i}\,\circ \,\chi V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $$i=w{\widehat{x}}^{-1}V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}L$$, $${H}_{i,c}={{\rm{\$}}}_{c}{N}_{i,c}{P}_{c,y}{\varPhi }_{c,y}$$, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01293-7. Young, B. et al. Household consumption accounts for the largest share of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The additional data records are national flow totals by sectors that serve as data inputs in model building. The 5-digit NAICS in the RCRAInfo codes do not count flows present in the 6-digit codes. The environmental datasets not updated since v1.2 include the Commercial non-hazardous waste excluding construction activities, Commercial non-hazardous waste from construction activities, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Releases from Agriculture, Pesticide releases, Mineral extraction, and Energy extraction (Table2). 2 shows that domestic impacts are indeed a proportion of total impacts, with proportions varying by indicator, due to the degree of requirements being met by processes driving the respective impacts. 8. This information is used to perform a default allocation of the expenses of the disaggregated waste management sectors along the Use table columns, except for the waste management sectors intersection and the value-added sectors. 1a, Electricity followed by Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains remain in the top two places, but Cattle ranches and feedlots has moved into the third place. These values are included the WasteDisaggaregation_Use sheet in the primary data record in the Use table intersection rows. Multiplying emissions of a given GHG by its GWP gives us the CO 2 equivalent emissions. Input-Output Accounts Data. For the Waste management and remediation services sector, additional data for the specific flows in the GHG satellite table was assigned using an input file, as specified in the WasteDisaggregation_Env sheet of the primary data record. Break-out sessions by USEEIO format. Data for commercial hazardous waste are sourced from the Resource Conversation Recovery Act Biennial Report, the same source as used in v1.2. 17. The EEIO sector determines the region and sector-based factors which are used for estimating financed emissions. Report No. . Once all the requirements are installed, the generation of v2.0 takes place in a single buildModel function to load the various data components and build the model. and JavaScript. In flowsa, source classification codes are used to allocation emissions to one or more NAICS through activity-to-sector mapping files. The 2016 values are applied across all years and will be updated in more recent years as new data sets are . Official websites use .gov The general approach for assigning nonpoint air emissions to sectors remains unchanged since version 1.1. ISSN 2052-4463 (online). Scope 3 calculation method improved and boundary expanded over time. Irrigation Golf Courses water withdrawals are assigned to NAICS 713910. The economic data base year for v2.0 is 2012, corresponding to the latest detailed IO tables10. In the case of the new waste commodity and industry totals, they summed to within 1% of the Waste and Remediation commodity and industry totals in the 2012 BEA Detail Make and Use tables. 2012 Economic Census: Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services: Subject Series - Product Lines: Product Lines Statistics by Industry for the U.S. And States: 2012. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2012/econ/census/aswmrs-services.html (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). In Water_national_2015_m1, employment data are used to allocate water withdrawals to relevant sectors identified by USGS. The Recycling Economic Information Report Note:Emission factors are per unit of heat content using higher heating values (HHV). Emissions (carbon intensity) associated with fuel combustion. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. RCRAInfo data are available by 5- and 6-digit NAICS codes, which map to the disaggregated sectors as shown in Table6. Ingwersen, W., Yang, Y., Gilkey, K. & Li, M. USEEIO v1.1 Description of Satellite Table Updates. v2.0 builds on the flow sector attribution modeling approach taken to construct national commercial waste totals8, by estimating totals by industries defined by NAICS codes. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Information System (RCRAInfo) database contains information on the flows of hazardous waste22, and is mainly used in the disaggregation of the Use table intersection. A., Los, B., Stehrer, R. & Vries, G. Jde Slicing up global value chains. Blackhurst, M., Hendrickson, C. & Vidal, J. S. I. MerckCorporate Responsibility Report The most common sources listed in the table are: To apply the EF Hub scope 1 and 2 factors, the organization can first define the GHG generating activity for each relevant source category, then apply the appropriate factors for stationary combustion, mobile combustion, fugitive emissions, electricity, heat, or steam. Quarterly census of employment and wages 2015. https://www.bls.gov/cew/downloadable-data-files.htm (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020). 2014 generator-based characterization of commercial sector disposal and diversion in california. Yang, Y., Hawkins, T. & Ingwersen, W. USEEIO satellite files. Clean. Although it is economic data, the handling of it is identical to that of the environmental and employment data used to construct the satellite tables. Contact. Subsequently the country supply-use tables were linked via trade creating an MR-SUT and producing a MR-IOTs . CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). For the disaggregation procedure, we assume that each disaggregated industry only produces its own disaggregated commodity; in other words, there is no off-diagonal production of waste management services in the intersection. Domestic water withdrawals are assigned to the BEA code F01000, as no NAICS code represents households. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. FLOWSA v1.0.1. While the codes and definitions of commodity categories are not changed from those provided by BEA in v2.0 (except for disaggregated sectors), original names are assigned to the commodity categories to replace the names used in the BEA IO tables. The report notes: This deeper analysis uses details contained within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model to highlight specific activities that occur within the supply chain of the goods and services procured by the County that drive the bulk of the impacts and to identify those impacts that are generated locally (e.g., particulate matter emissions from local vendor fleet operations). Figure 2. Also, change in inventories, y, is positive for commodities produced but not sold, and negative for commodities consumed from a previous years production. The technical model name for the model described here is USEEIO v2.0.1411 following the USEEIO versioning scheme as of model finalization9, but it is referred to throughout simply as v2.0. This suggests that trade flows between the disaggregated sectors is an important component of the aggregate sectors input, and its disaggregation was previously discussed. N is an indicator x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct and indirect impact result per 1 USD output of sector j. For calculating any domestic result (see sec. sectors in an EEIO model) that drive a particular indicator value is a conventional analytical practice in life cycle assessment18. Please click here to see any active alerts. If not, default heat contents are provided. Chemical releases to ground are sourced from the Toxic Release Inventory, the same source as used in v1.2. Five categories are reported in year one and 12 in year five. Increase in emissions for landscaping services. EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership, Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard, The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry, Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, Conversion factors 2022: full set (for advanced users), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidance: Indirect Emissions from Events and Conferences, ENERGY STAR Scope 3 Use of Sold Products Analysis Tool V1.2, Renewable Electricity Procurement on Behalf of Others: A Corporate Reporting Guide, Center for Corporate Climate Leadership Home, GHG Inventory Development Process & Guidance, Corporate GHG Inventorying and Target Setting Self-Assessment, Reporting Corporate Climate Risks and Opportunities, 4 (upstream transportation and distribution), 9 (downstream transportation and distribution), 12 (end-of-life treatment of sold products), The UK Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs provides well-to-tank (i.e., upstream) emission factors for fuel in the ". The resulting coefficients from these calculations can be interpreted as a measure of the environmental intensity of a sector in the year the environmental data are reported, but given in terms of the IO year dollar value. Aquaculture and Thermoelectric withdrawals are assigned to the 4-digit NAICS codes 1125 and 2211, respectively. Increase in particulate matter emissions for livestock production. Household emissions or other final use emissions are not included in B. A symbol represents the transposed (rows and columns switched) form of a matrix or vector. This class in turn spent a total of almost $48 billion in services from the Waste management and remediation services sector. The original Mining attribution version calculated results using process and employment-based factors published by Blackhurst et al.53. Sector correspondence between the BEA and NAICS codes, or the Sector Crosswalk, is created to connect the two classification systems and enable mapping from one system to the other. These include values such as the carbon dioxide equivalencies of the flows that are greenhouse gases. Prioritization of sectors in the US economy by greatest opportunities for environmental improvements through the use of the Sustainable Materials Management Prioritization Tools will be a primary use of v2.0. Figure 2 shows an example progression over time of improvement and expansion. Ingwersen, W., Garvey, T. & Bergmann, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/ (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2009). 6, where from currency year z to y is the ratio of the industry gross output chain price index, pi, for year y to that of year z. Equations5, 6 are used for each industry and unique year of environmental data in the given model. https://www.bea.gov/resources/methodologies/concepts-methods-io-accounts (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2009). Reviewed and released models are listed on the model technical content webpage . The Service Annual Survey (SAS) from the US Census Bureau provides estimates of revenue and expenditure data for most traditional service industries21, and is used in the disaggregation of the waste management industries (i.e., Use table columns). USEEIO. To assist in quantifying these emissions, we have developed a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the US economy. Users can find a coefficient (per USD) in producers price in 2012 USD by finding the cell at the intersection of the row with the flow (M matrix) or indicator (N matrix) of interest along with the column with the commodity best representing the purchase. is a commodity x year price type adjustment matrix prepared using Eq. In addition, because scope 3 sources may represent most of an organizations GHG emissions, they often offer emissions reduction opportunities. Results for these commodities should not be used for analytical purposes. The model will support BETOs mission to develop technologies for producing cost-competitive advanced biofuels from non-food biomass resources, including cellulosic biomass, algae, and wet waste (e.g., biosolids).. Waste commodity consumption is concentrated within a few sectors, with 55% of the commodity consumed by the top five sectors. For MRNL, the only notable changes in the use intensity are the decrease in Dimensional stone and increase in Sand, gravel, clay This can be explained by an error in allocation of the Sand/gravel flows to Dimensional stone rather than to Sand, gravel, clayin v1.2 and prior versions. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01293-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01293-7. U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/naics/concordances/2012_to_2007_NAICS.xls (2019). For xz to be in year y USD, the year of the IO data, x, must first be price adjusted using Eq. To obtain More information about this update is provided in the Procedure for Model Building section. Depending on the data available for the location of product use, apply eGRID subregion or U.S. national average factors. Table7 lists the original data records produced for v2.0, along with their associated use in the model. The diagonal-only production assumption is a good first approximation that allows the production impacts from a specific type of waste management service to be assigned to a single sector. USEEIO v2.0, The US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model v2.0. Understanding the consumption-based accounting (CBA), production-based accounting (PBA), and emissions embodied in trade is an important prerequisite for designing climate mitigation policies. This can be performed by subtracting the import matrix, Um from the Use matrix to estimate a domestic Use table, Ud, as in Eq. Capital letters indicate matrices and lower case letters indicate vectors. led software development for useeior, developed the crosswalk methodology and wrote the associated section of the manuscript, curated all economic input data, performed model validation, and visualized the results. A revision to the mapping of NAICS to BEA sectors for NAICS 23 Construction fixed an error in v1.1 that resulted in substantially lower emissions coefficients. Google Scholar. Environ. EIA manufacturing land area is considered part of the urban land total rather than a stand-alone industrial area category. Syst. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Advancing sustainable materials management: 2014 fact sheet. All the indicator datasets were produced by the LCIA formatter v1.0.162,63, which like the environmental and employment data had been harmonized with the FEDEFL. A is created from the normalized forms of the Model Make, V, and Use, U, tables. Read more in their annualcarbon disclosurereport. Truck transport fell out of the top 20. In the production vector, the direct imports both used by final consumers and industries are removed. Impacts with smaller domestic proportions of impact like Energy Use are dominated by sectors like Gasoline, fuels, that are more dependent on imports for their inputs, as in crude oil for this sector in 201274. In Fig. AC-17-SS-1 https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Online_Resources/Farm_and_Ranch_Irrigation_Survey/fris.pdf (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2019). As for the second problem, each BEA-NAICS correspondence is extended to all related NAICS codes based on a Census-released 26 digit NAICS Code table25. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS While not part of the interindustry transactions, these sectors are somewhat analogous to commodities, and are represented as rows for each industry in the Use table. Generally, NAICS codes are published by the Census Bureau at five levels of detail: 2- to 6-digit, but such hierarchy is not fully disclosed in the table for each BEA-NAICS correspondence, which makes the correspondence incomplete.

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