thalassemia minor and covid immunity

Acta Biomed. As new research becomes available, well update this article. The prevalence among those who were transfusion dependent was roughly the same as people without thalassemia. These transplants should proceed. These antigens help prompt a response from your body's immune system. Am J Hematol. If your doctor suspects your child has thalassemia, he or she can confirm a diagnosis with blood tests. The results align with the results of other studies from countries around the world. Beta thalassemia is the most common blood disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene. Moreover, the excess amount of iron, contributing to oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, alters the immune system in -thalassemia, which is important during the COVID-19 pandemic. If the synthesis from both genes is severely reduced or absent, the person has . The third group includes people with Thalassemia minor, who have mild anaemia only. 2020;7:306.doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00306, Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Hemoglobinopathy and COVID-19, Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. How do I know if I have thalassemia trait? (2022). But if you only have the trait, you may have a slightly increased risk of high blood pressure or anemia during pregnancy, according to 2022 research. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Since hemoglobin levels already run low for many people with thalassemia, the combination of factors has raised some concerns. Co-inheritance of -thalassaemia and -thalassaemia in a prenatal screening population in mainland China. Thalassemia is a medical condition in which the body makes less hemoglobin than usual. This may cause you to experience mild anemia. Doctors sometimes incorrectly prescribe iron supplements for people with thalassemia trait if they mistake their symptoms for iron deficiency. Some of the publications discussing pregnancy in a patient with COVID19 infection mentioned thalassemia, thalassemia trait, and thalassemia minor in the list of comorbidities in the description of their included patients characteristics. Farid Y, et al. What Blood Tests Can Help Diagnose Sjgrens Syndrome? The CDC recommends mRNA vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. You inherit two copies of this gene one from each parent. Transfusion. Farmakis D, Giakoumis A, Angastiniotis M, Eleftheriou A. For people living with thalassemia, because too much iron may build up in the blood, foods high in iron may need to be limited. Epub 2022 Jul 5. There are two damaged genes. Without enough hemoglobin, your red blood cells die more quickly, and your organs and tissues dont get enough oxygen. SARSCoV2 infection in beta thalassemia: preliminary data from the Italian experience. Vaccines & immunizations: Use of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. (2022). Blood tests can also be used for . The researchers recommend that people with thalassemia major should be followed closely by a doctor. Thalassemia also increases the likelihood to form blood clots. (2023). However, the results have been inconsistent and so the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types still isn't clear. Thalassemia: Understanding the Inherited Blood Disorder, What Hemoglobin Does and Why It Is Important, When Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Not What It Appears to Be, What to Know About Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19, What to Know About Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19, Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Iron Chelation Preparations and Side Effects, What to Know About Parkinsons Disease and COVID-19, Alpha Thalassemia Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What to Know About Organ Transplants and COVID-19, A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand, COVID-19. Vulnerability of -thalassemia heterozygotes to COVID-19: Results from a cohort study. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. It could be that antigens for people with type O blood block the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2, and keeps it from entering into your cells, said Dr. Russo. Thalassemia is an inherited (i.e., passed from parents to children through genes) blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin, an important part of red blood cells. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Bender MA, et al. There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. People with severe forms of beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe illness than people in the general population if theyre infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. Who's at Risk for Long COVID? We avoid using tertiary references. Most people with beta thalassemia major have symptoms within the first 2 years of life. 2020;105(4):378-386.doi:10.1111/ejh.13476, Yadav U, Pal R. Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Keywords: While the link between blood type and COVID-19 risk is still unclear, it's important to note that there have been links between blood type and diseases in the past. What Are the Symptoms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome? As an example, on March 17, 2020, the Red Cross announced that their blood reserves were reduced by around 80% in the United States due to canceled donations and reduced distribution. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Is the COVID-19 Vaccine Linked to Tinnitus? Since thalassemia trait causes only mild symptoms, if any, it usually doesnt affect life expectancy. In fact, fewer than 57% of all Americans know their blood type, according to a 2019 survey from Quest Diagnostics. Let's look at why and how to get support to stop drinking: While not as serious as other causes of chest pain, anemia-related chest pain can be a sign that your current treatment plan isn't working. Symptoms of moderate anemia may include: Beta thalassemia is caused by a genetic mutation inherited from one or both of your parents. It can cause life threatening heart conditions, such as stroke. If youre a silent carrier or have thalassemia minor, youre unlikely to need typical thalassemia treatments, like blood transfusions or iron therapy. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French experience. Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2017. But such tests are often costly. Abstract. It is possible to have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. What are the symptoms of beta thalassemia? Some of these include: Secondary infections (bacterial infections that develop in people with a viral infection such as COVID-19) may be more common in people with thalassemia, especially those who have had their spleen removed. If you become infected, it's important to talk to a doctor knowledgeable about thalassemia regarding any special precautions you should take or changes to your medical plan. PMC 2020;91(3):e2020026. When a population has people with pre-existing immunity, as the T cell studies may be indicating is the case, the herd immunity threshold based on an R 0 of 2.5 can be reduced from 60% of a population getting infected right down to 10%, depending on the quantity and distribution of pre-existing immunity among people, Gupta's group calculated. 2020;6(9):FSO628. 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. The results provide hope that people receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will develop similar lasting immune memories after vaccination. Vaccination can help prevent COVID-19 infection and prevent severe illness if you do. In a 2022 study, researchers found that people with beta thalassemia minor had a higher chance of dying from COVID-19 than people in the general population. If you have beta-thalassemia trait, you have a 50% chance of passing on the affected gene to any child you have. government site. These findings may be due to statistical randomness because of the small sample size. 2021 Mar 1;16(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. Parakh N, Pahuja S, Singh V, Kumar N, Chandra J. J Paediatr Child Health. They do not require any specific treatment. Read on to learn more about why its important for people with beta thalassemia to get vaccinated and why beta thalassemia may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 illness. It protects the epithelial barriers from pathogens and modulates excessive immune responses in . 2020;57(5):478.doi:10.1007/s13312-020-1831-9, By Lynne Eldridge, MD Treatment is with corticosteroids. Quite a bit of research has been published about blood type and COVID-19 risk. ; 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences . Sadly, the reduction in the blood supply has led many people with thalassemia to receive fewer transfusions than usual, prompting healthcare providers caring for people with the condition to look for options that may reduce the need for or frequency of transfusions. A protein called the Rh factor can also be present (+) or absent (-) from the blood. Some people have been re-infected multiple times with the virus, while others appear to have avoided the virus entirely. Karimi M, Haghpanah S, Zarei T, et al. "We all recognize that we're not the same, but we have not been able, on a genetic basis, very often, to determine whether certain people with certain genes are more or less susceptible to get an infection if they're exposed to a germ," said William Schaffner, MD, an infectious disease specialist, and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Med Hypotheses. Torti L, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, De Fabritiis P, Abruzzese E. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. Published 2020 Sep 7. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10063. Its severity varies greatly between people. The immune systems of more than 95% of people who recovered from COVID-19 had durable memories of the virus up to eight months after infection. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. There are very few medications that are contraindicated (should not be used) in people who may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or who have developed a COVID-19 infection. (2022). If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you are a silent carrier for alpha-thalassemia. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Six had their spleens removed. Patients with beta-thalassaemia increase the risk of bacterial infections, particularly Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis in Thailand. Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. Splenectomy: When a person has a spleen removed for thalassemia, they are more likely to develop a secondary bacterial infection .

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